豆科作物适应酸性土壤的养分高效根系遗传改良

世界上超过40%的耕作土壤为酸性，养分效率低是酸性土壤限制作物产量的主要因素。根系是植物吸收养分和水分的主要器官，也是植物与土壤微生物互作的主要界面。挖掘根系对土壤养分吸收和利用的遗传潜力、改善根际土壤微生物组成及活性是提高作物产量、减少环境污染和提升土壤健康的重要策略。此外，豆科作物与根瘤菌共生所固定的氮素是农业生态系统中不可替代的清洁氮源，也是影响根际土壤微生物组的重要因素。本文以大豆为代表，系统总结了酸性土壤中，豆科作物养分高效根系遗传改良、根系与根际微生物互作提高养分效率和土壤健康的研究进展。此外，本文还概述了应用养分高效大豆品种，通过接种高效根瘤菌剂并与玉米、茶树间套作的生态效益，为豆科作物养分高效遗传改良及推动其在可持续农业中的应用提供理论依据和应用案例。

Genetic improvement for nutrient efficient roots of leguminous crops adapted to acidic soils

Over 40% of the arable lands in the world are acidic soils, where low nutrient availability is the major limiting factor for crop production. Root is not only the main organ for nutrient and water acquisition but also the primary interface for communication interactions between plants and soil microorganisms. Exploring the genetic potentials in roots for nutrient acquisition and utilization, as well as improving the composition and activity of microbes in the rhizosphere, have become the important strategies for increasing crop yield while reducing environmental pollution and promoting soil health. Moreover, nitrogen (N) fixed by legumes in symbiosis with rhizobia provides an irreplaceable clean N source in agro-ecosystems, and the symbiosis is also an important factor influencing rhizo-microbiome. Here, we took soybean as an example to summarize the progress of genetic improvement for nutrient efficiency in the roots of leguminous crops in adaptation to acidic soils, and the interactions between roots and rhizo-microorganisms to improve crop nutrient efficiency and soil health. Furthermore, we overviewed the ecological benefits through intercropping nutrient-efficient soybean varieties with maize and tea plants, and thereby provided the theoretical basis and successful examples for genetic improvement of nutrient efficiency in legumes, and its application in sustainable agriculture systems.