南雄烟区气候条件与烟叶产量构成及主要化学成分的关系

【目的】探明影响广东南雄烟区烟叶产量构成及其主要化学成分的主要气象因子。【方法】采用数据调查、相关分析及回归分析方法研究了近几年南雄烟区烤烟大田生育期主要气象因子(降雨量、日照时数和气温)与烟叶产量构成及主要化学成分的关系。【结果】影响烟叶产量及其构成的气候因素依次为降雨量、日照时数和气温;上、下部叶单叶质量及下、中部叶产量比例与成熟期的气温、5月下旬日照时数、旺长期及4月上旬降雨量呈正相关。上部叶还原糖含量、钾离子含量、总氮/总烟碱、还原糖/总糖与气温、日照时数呈显著相关。中部叶总糖、还原糖和钾离子含量与日照时数呈显著正相关,总氮/总烟碱与5月下旬降雨量呈显著负相关,还原糖/总糖与3月下旬降雨量呈显著正相关、与6月上旬降雨量呈极显著正相关。【结论】在生产实践中,可以通过适当调整移栽期来改变烤烟大田各生育期气候条件,进而达到调控烟叶产量构成及化学成分的目的。

Effects of climatic conditions on yield components and main chemical constituents of tobacco in Nanxiong, Guangdong Province

Objective]To study effects of climatic factors on yield components and chemical compositions of tobacco in Nanxiong , Guangdong Province .Method]This research employed data survey , correlation analysis, and regression analysis to study the relationship between main climate factors ( temperature, sunshine and rainfall ) in Nanxiong and tobacco yield components , chemical compositions .Result]The tobacco leaf yield and its components were mainly affected by rainfall , followed by sunshine hours and temperature .The mass per leaf of the top or bottom leaves and the yield ratio of the bottom and middle leaves were positively correlated with temperature at mature stage , sunshine hour in late May , and rainfall in vigorous growing stage and early April .The amounts of reducing sugar and potassium ions , the ratios of total nitrogen to total nicotine , and reducing sugar to total sugar of the top leaves were significantly cor-related with air temperature and sunshine hour .For the middle leaves , the amounts of total sugar , reducing sugar and potassium ions were significantly positively correlated with sunshine hour;the ratio of total nitrogen to total nicotine was significantly negatively correlated with rainfall in late May;the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar was significantly positively correlated with rainfall in late March and rainfall in early June.Conclusion]It is feasible to change the climate conditions in the field of flue-cured tobac-co by adjusting the transplanting time , and thus to regulate the yield components and chemical constitu-ents of tobacco leaves in production .