我国草坪草育种工作的回顾与展望

从20世纪50年代以来,我国在草坪草引种选育上开展了一系列研究工作.经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记的草坪草新品种近10个,此外,有100多个草坪草品种先后从国外直接引进推广应用,引进草种主要包括草地早熟禾、高羊茅、紫羊茅、多年生黑麦草、半细叶结缕草、狗牙根、马蹄金等.存在的主要问题是育成品种数量少,不能满足生产方面的需要,育种技术和方法比较落后.今后在大量开展引种工作的同时,应立足本国资源,以常规育种为主,积极探索生物新技术,尽快培育出适合不同生态区、不同用途的草坪草新品种,进一步建立和完善草坪草良种繁种体系,加快草坪草在环境绿化和生态建设中的应用.

Retrospective and prospective of turfgrass breeding in China

A series of turfgrass breeding work have been done since 1950's. About 10 varieties were registered by the Chinese herbage cultivar registration board, and more than 100 turfgrass varieties were applied by directly introduced from foreign countries, including Poa pratenis, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Lolium prenne, Zoysia matrella, Cynodon dactylon, Dichondra repens and so on. The problem at present is that the number of registered varieties is too few, and the level of breeding is very low. According to the present condition, we should try to exploit the native genetic resources, mainly use the ordinary breeding technology combining with the biotechnology so as to quickly breed turfgrass cultivars, construct good seeding production system, and develop the turfgrass in ecological construction and environmental virescence.