三峡地区20种植物甲醇提取物的抗真菌活性

以6种重要的植物病原真菌:荔枝霜疫霉菌Peronophthora litchii、黄瓜疫霉菌Phytophthora melonis、稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea、稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani、西瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum和香蕉炭疽病菌Colletotrichum musae为供试菌,对采自三峡地区的20种植物的甲醇提取物的抑制菌丝生长活性进行离体测定.结果表明:在甲醇提取物干质量浓度为10 mg/mL下,对荔枝霜疫霉菌抑菌活性较高的植物有山萝花Melampyrum roseum(100%)、毛华菊Dendranthema vestitum(100%)和金缕梅Hamamelis mollis(82.35%)等12种;对黄瓜疫霉菌抑菌活性较高的植物有山萝花(100%)、毛华菊(96.23%)和兰香草Caryopteris incana(82.43%)等12种;对稻瘟病菌表现较高抑菌率的植物是金缕梅(61.51%)和宜昌润楠Machilus ichangensis(61.51%);对稻纹枯病菌有较高抑菌率的植物是透骨草Phryma leptostachya(78.48%)和歪头菜Vicia unijuga(78.03%);对西瓜枯萎病菌和香蕉炭疽病菌抑菌率最高的植物均是金缕梅,抑菌率分别为51.12%和61.07%.对植物抑菌活性筛选中植物材料干质量的总抑制活性进行了讨论.

Antifungal Activities in Methanol Extracts from Twenty Species of Plants in Three Gorges Region, Hubei Province

Twenty species of plants collected from Three Gorges region,Hubei Province,were screened for their antifungal activity against six important plant pathogenic fungi: Peronophthora litchii,Phytophthora melonis,Magnaporthe grisea,Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,and Colletotrichum musae,in vitro.The plants were dried,ground,and then extracted with methanol.The dry methanol extracts were tested for their inhibition of mycelial growth on PDA plates at mass concentration of dry methanol extract 10 mg/mL.The results showed that the inhibitory rate to P.litchii in methanol extracts from Melampyrum roseum,Dendranthema vestitum and Hamamelis mollis were 100%,100%,and 82.35%,respectively,while that to P.melonis in methanol extracts from M.roseum,D.vestitum and Caryopteris incana were 100%,96.23%,and 82.43%,respectively.In case of M.grisea,higher inhibitory rate occurred from H.mollis(61.51%) and Machilus ichangensis(61.51%),while Phryma leptostachya and Vicia unijuga exhibited higher inhibitory rate to R.solani,which were 78.48% and 78.03%,respectively.The effect of H.mollis showed the highest inhibitory rate to both of F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum and C.musae,which were 51.12% and 61.07%,respectively.The inhibitory rate in total plant dry mass was discussed in the paper.