不同品系杜洛克三元杂交猪商品猪胴体及肉质特性遗传分析

【目的】对美系杜洛克三元杂交猪与台系杜洛克三元杂交猪的胴体性状和肉质性状进行准确评估,并分析不同杂交组合、性别对胴体及肉质性状的影响。【方法】共选取同一批次杜洛克三元杂交猪203头,其中美系杜洛克三元杂交猪118头,包含50头阉公猪和68头母猪;台系杜洛克三元杂交猪85头,包含57头阉公猪和28头母猪。统一饲养至(110±5)kg,在同一屠宰场屠宰,并测其宰前活体质量、胴体净质量、眼肌面积、背膘厚、眼肌厚度等胴体性状指标和肉色、大理石纹、PSE(Pale,soft,exudative)值、电导率等肉质性状指标,并进行统计分析。【结果】台系杜洛克三元杂交猪除瘦肉率以外的胴体性状均极显著优于美系杜洛克三元杂交猪(P0.01),且台系杜洛克三元杂交猪肉色主观评分、电导率、a*值也显著高于美系杜洛克三元杂交猪(P0.05);而美系杜洛克三元杂交猪的PSE值、剪切力均优于台系杜洛克三元杂交猪(P0.05)。就性别而言,阉公猪较母猪具有更高的背膘(P0.01)和更低的瘦肉率(P0.05);此外,台系杜洛克三元杂交猪母猪具有更高的电导率和L*值(P0.05),而美系杜洛克三元杂交猪阉公猪的大理石纹则显著高于母猪、且眼肌面积更小(P0.05)。【结论】台系杜洛克三元杂交猪胴体性状整体上优于美系杜洛克三元杂交猪,而美系杜洛克三元杂交猪的肉品质部分优于台系杜洛克三元杂交猪。就性别而言,上述2种群体母猪的胴体性状整体优于阉公猪。

Genetic comparison of carcass and meat quality traits of different strain Duroc three-way cross hybrid pigs

Objective] To assess the carcass and meat quality traits of American Duroc ×( Landrace × Yorkshire) three-way cross hybrid ( ADLY) pigs and Taiwan Duroc ×( Landrace ×Yorkshire) three-way cross hybrid ( TDLY) pigs, and to analyze the effects of breed and gender on these traits.Method]A total of 203 pigs including 118 ADLY pigs (50 barrows, 68 sows) and 85 TDLY pigs (57 barrows, 28 sows) with similar body mass (110 ±5) kg were slaughtered in the same abattoir, and were measured for carcass traits such as live mass, carcass mass, loin eye area, backfat thickness and loin eye depth, and meat quality traits such as meat color, marbling, PSE ( Pale, soft, exudative) value and electrical con-ductivity.The measurements were statistically analyzed.Result]All carcass traits of TDLY pigs were better than those of ADLY pigs except for lean meat percentage ( P<0.01) , and the meat color, electri-cal conductivity and a*value of TDLY pigs were better than those of ADLY pigs (P<0.05), while AD-LY pigs had higher PSE value and shear force compared with TDLY pigs ( P <0.05 ) .Compared to sows, castrated boars had thicker backfat (P<0.01) and lower lean meat percentage (P<0.05).The sows of TDLY pigs had higher electrical conductivity and L*value compared to boars ( P<0.05) , while the boars of ADLY pigs had much better marbling and smaller loin eye area compared to sows ( P <0.05).Conclusion] In general the carcass traits of TDLY pigs were better compared to ADLY pigs, while the meat quality traits were better for the latter.The carcass traits of sows were better than those of castrated boars for both ADLY and TDLY pigs.