农药喷雾粒径的研究现状与发展(综述)

【目的】农药的不合理使用严重威胁着我国农产品质量安全和农业生态环境安全。优化农药喷施方式，提高农药利用率与喷施效果，实现农业生产的良好发展已成为迫切需要解决的问题。【方法】从农药雾滴粒径的检测方法出发，介绍了雾滴粒径检测技术的发展、以及雾滴尺寸与农药防治效果的关系；对农药喷雾最佳粒径的研究进行了分析；总结了农药喷雾最佳粒径的研究以及所存在的不足，并对农药喷雾粒径的研究进行了展望。【结果】人工表面得到的最佳粒径与真实的喷雾最佳粒径具有明显的差异性，人工表面通常倾向于收集大液滴；细小雾滴大量漂移的发生不存在必然性；同一靶标不同时期所对应的喷雾最佳粒径是变化的；小雾滴更容易吸附在靶标表面，能穿透植物冠层杀死冠层内部的害虫。【结论】不同农药、不同靶标、不同药液浓度甚至害虫的不同时期，农药的最佳喷雾粒径大不相同。今后应加强农药雾滴最佳粒径的理论研究，从宏观和微观多角度综合分析，开发精准可控变粒径喷嘴。

Research status and development of pesticide spraying droplet size

Objective] Excessive application of pesticide has adverse impact on the quality and safety of agricultural products and ecological environment in China .It has become critical to optimize the pesticide spraying approach and improve the pesticide utilization and spraying effect.Method] Droplet size detec-tion technology development and the relationship between droplet size and control effect were introduced based on the investigation on present testing methods of pesticide droplet size.The theory of optimum spraying droplet size was discussed.Method to determine optimum spraying droplet size and current research status were analyzed.Existing problems of optimum pesticide spraying droplet size were summa-rized.Suggestions were proposed for future research of spraying droplet size in agricultural aviation.Result] The optimum droplet size achieved from artificial surface is inconsistent with actual optimum size in real spraying operation.Artificial surfaces tend to collect only large droplets.Massive drift does not inevitably occur to small droplets.The optimum particle size of the spray is changing in different stages of the same target.A large number of experimental data have showed that small droplets were more easily adsorbed on the surface of target to kill pests by penetrating inside the plant canopy .Conclusion]The best spraying particle size varies very much for different pesticides, targets or liquid concentrations, even in different growth periods of pests.In the future, theoretical study on optimum pesticide droplet size should be strengthened from multi-angle macroscopic and microscopic analysis.In addition, preci-sion controllable nozzles with variable diameter must be developed for agricultural aviation applications.