东北地区主要作物生长季降水量的时空变化特征研究

目的]了解降水资源变化特征,为农业灌溉措施的制定提供理论指导。方法]以东北三省（黑龙江、吉林、辽宁）177个站1971～2008年主要作物生育期（4～9月）的降水为研究资料,运用小网格插值和气候倾向率方法,分析了生长季降水年际变化和空间分布的特征。结果]东北地区生长季降水量总体上呈减少趋势（降水倾向率为-8.6mm/10a）,1971～1980年是少雨期,1981～1990年是相对多雨期,1991～2008年降水呈明显减少趋势。但这种减少趋势在空间分布上表现并不一致,总体表现在降水量相对少的地区稍有增加趋势,而降水量相对大的地区则呈现明显的减少趋势。结论]由于生长季降水量减少趋势明显的地区为东北的主要产粮带,因此,由此引发的粮食生产安全问题应引起足够的重视。

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Precipitation during Crop Growing Season in Northeast China

Objective] The aims were to understand variation characteristics of water resources and provide theoretical guidance for the formulation of agricultural irrigation methods.Method] Taking the precipitation records during crop growing season（from April to September）observed by 177 weather stations from 1971 to 2008 in the three provinces of Northeast China（Heilongjiang,Jilin and Liaoning）as research data,annual change and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation during crop growing season were analyzed by means of small grid interpolation and climatic trend rate.Result] The precipitation during crop growing season general exhibited the decreasing trend and the precipitation trend rate was-8.6 mm/10a in Northeast China.In addition,there was lack of rain from 1971 to 1980 and relatively abundant of rain during 1981 and 1990 respectively.Moreover,the precipitation obviously exhibited decreasing trend from 1991 to 2008.But the decreasing trend was inconsistent in spatial distributions,that was,the precipitation slightly increased in relatively rainless areas and obviously decreased in relatively rainy areas.Conclusion] The areas with obvious decreasing trend of precipitation during crop growing season are the main grain producing zones in Northeast China,so the problem of food production security caused by the precipitation changes should be paid enough attention.