不同硼肥对草莓生长发育和品质的影响

目的]探讨喷施不同硼肥对草莓生长发育、产量和品质的影响.方法]以草莓品种‘红颜’为试材,从现蕾期开始分别对草莓喷施清水、硼砂、八硼酸钠4次,于初花期和果实成熟期测定草莓株高、茎粗、叶片面积、叶柄长度等生长指标,于采收期测定草莓单果重等产量指标,于果实成熟期测定VC、含糖量、有机酸等品质指标.结果]试验结果表明,施用八硼酸钠促进了草莓植株生长,株高和叶面积较对照处理显著增加,根冠比与对照处理间差异不显著.喷施硼肥后,草莓单果质量和产量均显著增加,其中,喷施八硼酸钠和硼砂处理单果质量分别较对照处理增重.20.14％和4.86％;产量分别提高较对照处理提高17.28％和4.02％.同时改善了草莓品质,VC、可溶性固形物和糖酸比均较对照处理和硼砂处理显著增加.喷施硼肥后草莓叶片硼素含量升高,表现为八硼酸钠处理＞硼砂处理＞对照处理.结论]喷施八硼酸钠在一定程度上可促进草莓植株生长,显著提高草莓产量,同时可改善草莓品质.

Effects of Different Boric Fertilizers on Growth,Yield and Quality of Strawberry

Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of different boric fertilizer on the growth,yield and quality of strawberry.Method] With a strawberry cultivar Hongyan as the test material,water,borax and foliar disodium octoborate tetrahydrate was respectively sprayed to the leaves of strawberry four times from the squaring stage on.At the initial flowering stage and mature stage,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and petiole length of strawberry were measured;at the harvest time,the single fruit weight of strawberry was measured;and at the mature stage,the VC,sugar and organic acids contents in the strawberry fruit were determined.Result] Compared with the control group,the spraying of foliar disodi um octoborate tetrahydrate promoted the growth and significantly increased the plantheight and leaf area of strawberry.However,no significant difference was found in root shoot ratio of strawberry between foliar disodium octoborate tetrahydrate treatment and the control group.Spraying of boric fertilizers significantly increased the single fruit weight and yield of strawberry.Compare with the control group,the spraying of foliar disodium octoborate tetrahydrate and borax increased the single fruit weight of strawberry by 20.14％ and 4.86％ respectively,and increased the yield of strawberry by 17.28％ and 4.02％ respectively.Compared with borax treatment and the control group,spraying of foliar disodium octoborate tetrahydrate improved the quality,i.e.,increased the VC content,soluble solids content and sugaracid ratio in strawberry fruit.The B content in leaf of strawberry was increased after foliar B fertilization.Among the three groups,the B content in leaf of strawberry ranked as disodium octoborate tetrahydrate treatment's ＞ borax treatment's ＞ control's.Conclusion] Spraying foliar disodium octoborate tetrahydrate can promote the growth,yield and quality of strawberry.