山城伏旱的气候特征及其对花木的影响(英文)

目的]为重庆北碚地区花木产业的发展提供指导。方法]利用山城北碚1981-2010年伏旱年份的伏旱天数、伏旱期降水量、伏旱期平均温度和极端最高温度资料及2005~2007年黄桷兰的物侯生长状况与物候观测资料,分析山城伏旱的的发生趋势、伏旱的强度趋势、伏旱强度与降水量和极端最高温度的关系、伏旱开始期的出现趋势以及伏旱对花木的影响。结果]山城伏旱的发生概率为57%,轻旱、中旱、重旱、特重旱的出现概率分别为30%、10%、7%、10%;伏旱强度与降水量、极端最高温度没有线性比例关系,伏旱期日平均降水量小于0.9mm,极端最高温度在35.0～45.0℃,出现极端最高温度≥40.0℃的概率为30%;伏旱开始期出现在6月下旬～8月中旬,但特重旱的开始期出现在6月下旬～7月下旬,结束时间在9月上旬;在伏旱期间,当一侯中有3d极端最高温度>35.0℃时,高温伏旱开始影响花木的正常生长,当一侯中有3d极端最高温度>40.0℃时,高温伏旱对花木的生长造成严重影响。结论]根据伏旱的特点,结合天气趋势预报并采取针对性防御措施可减小伏旱对花木的影响。

Climate Characters of Summer Drought in Mountain City and the Effect on Flowers and Trees

Objective] The aim was to provide references for development of industries engaging in flowers and trees in Beipei area in Chongqing.Method] The occurring trend,intensity trend of summer drought,relationship of intensity with rainfall and extremely highest temperature,occurring trend during initial period of summer drought and the effects in mountain cities were analyzed,based on information on lasting period,rainfall,average temperature,extremely highest temperature of summer drought in Beipei area in mountain cities during 1981-2010 and,growth condition and phenological phenomena of Michelia champaca during 2005-2007.Result] The occurring probability of summer drought in mountain cities was 57% and the probabilities of light,moderate,heavy and extreme drought were 30%,10%,7% and 10%; intensity of summer drought was none of linear relation with rainfall and extremely highest temperature.In summer drought,daily average rainfall was less than 0.9 mm; extremely highest temperature was 35.0-45.0 ℃ with probability at 30%; initial period of summer drought was from later June to middle August and of extreme drought was later June-later July; the ending period was early September.During drought,when the extremely highest temperature (>35.0 ℃) occurred in three days within a Hou,flowers and trees were affected by the hot drought and when the extreme temperature (>40.0 ℃) occurred in three days within a Hou,the plants were seriously affected.Conclusion] Based on characters of summer drought,precautions can be taken to reduce effects of summer drought on flowers and trees with the help of weather forecast.