不同杂交稻灌浆期叶片衰老指标在常规水分管理及限水条件下的变化趋势(英文)

目的]为了探讨杂交稻叶片衰老的表现型,为水稻抗早衰栽培技术和抗早衰新品种选育提供依据。方法]本文选用6个杂交稻组合,在抽穗后常规水分管理和限水条件下,研究根系活力、叶片氮素含量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性动态及其对水分亏缺的响应。结果]不同杂交稻品种的根系伤流强度、叶片氮素含量、叶绿素含量和净光合速率的衰减节律有明显差异,表现在衰减的起始时间、频率和衰减量。不同组合各生理指标对水分亏缺的响应不完全一致。叶绿素含量衰减率与根系活力和叶片氮含量衰减率呈极显著正相关关系;净光合速率与叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关关系。SOD、CAT和POD活性动态不同,不同组合对水分亏缺的响应不同。叶绿素含量、叶片氮素含量的变化动态与SOD和CAT活性呈极显著正相关关系;叶绿素含量、叶片氮素含量的变化动态与丙二醛(MDA)含量呈极显著负相关关系。不同杂交稻组合叶片生理指标的衰减节律及其对水分亏缺响应存在基因型差异;提高根系活力和叶片抗氧化保护酶活性,利于延缓叶片氮素含量和叶绿素含量的衰减、维持叶片较高的光合功能。结论]水稻的抗衰老特性是基因型差异及其各项生理机能对环境应答结果。

Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Responses to Water Shortage of Different Hybrid Rice Cultivars during Grain Filling Stage

Objective] The pattern of leaves senescence was studied to provide reference for the planting technology and breeding rice cultivars resistant to premature senescence. Method] Six hybrid rice cultivars were cultivated under limited and conventional irrigation managements; after the heading of rice, the root activities, nitrogen content in leaves, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) were determined. Result] The rhythms in attenuation of xylem sap flow rate, leaf nitrogen content, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and net photosynthetic rate of different rice cultivars were significantly different in attenuation starting time, attenuation frequency and attenuation range. Physiological indexes of different cultivars responded inconsistently to water shortage. Extremely significantly positive correlations were found between the decline rates of chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen content and xylem sap flow rate of roots, the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. The changes in activities of SOD, CAT and POD were different, and responded to water shortage differently in different cultivars. The change dynamic of leaf nitrogen content and chlorophyll content was positively related with the activity dynamic of SOD and CAT. The change dynamic of leaf nitrogen content and chlorophyll content was negatively related with the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The difference in the attenuation rhythm of physiological indexes of leaves and response to water shortage of different hybrid rice cultivars were related to genotype difference. Increasing roots activities and protecting enzyme activities of leaves benefit to defer attenuation of chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of leaves and to keep stronger photosynthetic function. Conclusion] The senescence resistance of rice is a combined result of genotype differences and physiological response to environment.