中国对虾生长性状的遗传力和遗传相关估计

目的]对中国对虾生长性状内遗传力和遗传相关进行估计,为中国对虾的选择育种提供基础依据和技术参数。方法]采用人工授精技术建立了51个全同胞家系（包括35个半同胞家系）,分别测定了中国对虾150日龄时各家系的体长、头胸甲长、腹节长和体重。应用数量遗传学原理,采用方差、协方差分析的方法,研究了中国对虾150日龄时生长性状的遗传力及性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。结果]中国对虾体长遗传力的估计值在0.36～0.51之间,头胸甲长的遗传力估计值在0.14～0.24之间,腹节长的遗传力估计值在0.25～0.50之间,而体重的遗传力估计值在0.04～0.29之间。中国对虾各生长性状之间表现出高的正相关,其中体重和腹节长的遗传相关最大为0.92,其次为体长和腹节长（0.91）、体长和体重（0.88）、体重和头胸甲长（0.87）、腹节长和头胸甲长（0.86）之间的遗传相关,以体长和头胸甲长之间的遗传相关最小（0.83）。结论]中国对虾体长、头胸甲长、腹节长和体重性状表型相关在0.80～0.90之间,t检验均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）。

Estimates of Heritability and Genetic Correlations for Growth Traits in Chinese Shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Objective] The aim was to estimate the heritability and genetic correlations of growth traits of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis so as to provide basis and technical parameters for the breeding and selecting of Chinese shrimp.Method] 51 full-sib families(including 35 half-sib families)of the Chinese shrimp F.chinensis were obtained by artificial insemination.Four growth traits of these families were measured,including body length,cephalothorax length,abdorminal segment length and body weight.According to quantitative genetics theory,the heritability of each growth trait,genetic and phenotypic correlation among these traits was statistically studied.Result] The heritability was 0.36-0.51 for body length,0.14-0.24 for cephalothorax length,0.25-0.50 for abdominal segment length,and 0.04-0.29 for body weight.High and positive genetic correlations were obtained among growth traits.The genetic correlation between body weight and abdominal segment length was the highest(0.92),followed by body length and abdominal segment length(0.91),body length and body weight(0.88),body weight and cephalothorax length(0.87),abdominal segment length and cephalothorax length(0.86),while the genetic correlation between body length and cephalothorax length was the lowest(0.83).Conclusion] The phenotypic correlation of body length,cephalothorax length,abdorminal segment length and body weight of Chinese shrimp F.chinensis were from 0.80 to 0.90 with extremely significant difference(P<0.01)among the four growth traits by t-test.