寒地水稻保护性耕作对稻田土壤生理生化状况的影响(英文)

目的]从耕作的角度探讨如何合理利用土壤,防止土壤肥力退化,维持地力,改善稻田生态环境,提高稻田土壤的生产力。方法]以水稻垦鉴稻10为材料,采用保护性耕作和常规耕作方式种植。保护性耕地作为处理区,实施留茬带状分层旋耕,苗带全层施肥、免除水整地,处理区的基肥和分蘖肥随耕作过程集中施于苗带,全层混拌,其余作业与常规耕作相同;以常规耕作作为对照,常规耕作按旱育稀植栽培技术规范实施,保护性耕作和常规耕作均设6个肥量梯度,N∶P2O5∶K2O5=2∶1∶1。保护性耕作区70%氮肥用作基肥,20%用作穗肥,10%作粒肥。常规耕作区氮肥分配比例为基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥∶粒肥=4∶3∶2∶1。处理及对照磷肥全部作基肥施入,钾肥按基肥∶穗肥=7∶3施入。试验采用随机区组设计,36个小区间用PVC波纹塑料板做埂分隔,单排单灌。保护性耕作采用宽行行距40cm,窄行行距20cm,穴距12cm;常规耕作行距均为30cm,穴距12cm。研究水稻节水保护性耕作和常规耕作下土壤根系量、土壤理化性状、土壤酶、秸秆分解率、土壤温度及微生物变化的规律。用环刀法测土壤容重,并进一步求得孔隙度。碱解氮用碱解扩散法,有效磷先用浓度0.5mol/LNaHCO3浸提,后用钼锑抗比色法测定,速效钾测定先用NH4OAc浸提,再用火焰光度计测定。结果]水稻节水保护性耕作条件下土壤理化性状明显改善,在旋耕部分根量占绝对优势,同时可降低土壤容重、增大土壤孔隙度、提高土壤速效养分,过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性分别比常规耕作高5.39%、14.52%、8.33%,蔗糖酶活性比常规低32.82%,表层、全耕层、深层秸秆粗分解率分别比常规耕作高11.71%、4.96%和9.10%,总细菌量大量增加,土壤温度明显改善。结论]水稻节水保护性耕作方式为黑龙江垦区农业生态发展奠定了良好的基础。

Effect of Protective Cultivation Patterns of Rice in Cold Areas on Soil Physiological and Biochemical Status in Paddy Field

Objective] The research aimed to explore how to use the soil reasonably,prevent the degradation of soil fertility,maintain soil fertility,improve the ecological environment of paddy field and improve the soil productivity of paddy field from the cultivation aspect.Method] Taking kenjiandao 10 as the material,the variation laws of root weight,soil physical and chemical characteristics,soil enzyme,straw decomposition rate,soil temperature,microorganism of rice under the planting patterns of water-saving pro...