氮素运筹对高品质棉FZ-1品系生育特性、棉铃发育以及皮棉产量的影响

目的]该研究旨在探索棉花栽培的最佳施氮量。方法]该研究以转基因抗虫棉FZ-1品系为试验材料,利用田间试验,研究了不同施氮量对棉花生育特性、棉铃发育和皮棉产量的影响。结果]施氮量为300和375kg/hm2时,皮棉产量与225kg/hm2施氮量相比分别增加了28.46%和18.73%。当施氮量由225kg/hm2增加到300kg/hm2时,单株铃数、铃重和皮棉产量显著增加。然而当施氮量继续增加至375kg/hm2时,皮棉产量的增幅明显下降。改善棉花生育特性和棉铃发育、提高皮棉产量的最佳施氮量为300kg/hm2。结论]合理施氮是促进棉花植株的生长发育,确保其高产能力,最大限度地减少氮过量造成的环境污染最有效的方法。该研究为优质棉的大规模种植提供了完善的施氮策略。

Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount on Growth Characteristics,Boll Development and Lint Yield of High Quality Cotton

Objective] This study aimed to explore an optimum application amount of nitrogen for cotton cultivation. Method] In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application amount on the growth characteristics, boll development and lint yield of high quality cotton line FZ-1. Result] Compared with the nitrogen level of 225 kg/hm2, the lint yield had increased by 28.46% and 18.73%, respectively, with the nitrogen application amount of 300 and 375 kg/hm2. When the nitrogen application amount had increased from 225 to 300 kg/hm2, boll number per plant, boll weight and lint yield had significantly increased. At the nitrogen level of 375 kg/hm2, however, the effects of increasing lint yield were significantly less than that at the nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm2. Compared with the nitrogen levels of 225 and 375, 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen was the optimum application amount to improve the plant height, daily increment of plant height, number of fruit branches, number ratio of nodes to fruit branches, boll volume and seed cotton weight per boll. Conclusion] The rational management of nitrogen is the most effective way to promote the growth and development of cotton plants, ensure high yielding ability and minimize the environmental pollution caused by the overuse of nitrogen. This study had provided a sound nitrogen application strategy for the cultivation of this high-quality cotton line in the field plantation.