淮河中下游干流贝类体中多环芳烃的分布及风险评价（摘要）

目的]探讨淮河流域贝类体中PAHs污染情况,为淮河居民安全食用贝类提供科学依据。方法]在淮河中下游干流吴小街和浮山集两处采集悬浮物、沉积物物和贝类样品。将1 L水样抽真空过0.45μm玻璃纤维滤膜得悬浮物样品,沉积物阴凉处自然风干;贝类经鉴定均为短褶矛蚌,去壳,阴凉处风干。称取已过100目尼龙筛的沉积物干样10g,加入10g无水硫酸钠,1 g纯铜粉（除硫）,混均,用120 ml二氯甲烷在水浴65℃下索氏提取48j。将提取液浓缩至约0.5 ml,经无水硫酸钠脱水,过硅胶/氧化铝柱分离净化,用正己烷/二氯甲烷（1：1,V/V）混合液淋洗得PAHs组分。将淋洗液浓缩至0.1 ml,正己烷定容至1.0 ml,冷冻保存,作GC-MS检测。悬浮物干样的处理类似于沉积物。利用外标法定量计算环境样品中PAHs含量。在样品分析过程中,增加方法空白和加标空白。结果]淮河中下游两采样点中,1号点吴小街处悬浮物、沉积物中PAHs总量均远大于2号点浮山集中含量,但两处矛蚌体中PAHs总含量则相差不大。1号点位于2号点上游,毗邻蚌埠市,而2号点流域基本上是农村和乡镇,沿岸污染较少,加之水体自净作用,故1号点悬浮物和沉积物中PAHs偏高。矛蚌自身用于代谢的混合氧化系统存在缺陷,体内化合物的释放较慢,富集于矛蚌体中的PAHs代谢较慢,因此两采样点处矛蚌体中PAHs含量存在空间差距,时间差距较小,其含量相差不大。两点环境介质中PAHs含量均呈现出悬浮物〉矛蚌〉沉积物的分布特征。2号采样点处设有采砂场,水体搅动相对频繁,沉积物再悬浮作用显著,因此悬浮物中PAHs含量远高于沉积物中含量。矛蚌因本身的生物特性,易富集PAHs,其含量亦高于沉积物中含量。就多环芳烃单组分特征而言,淮河中下游两采样点悬浮物中均以低环PAHs为主,矛蚌体中均以高环PAHs为主。高环PAHs的沉积物/水分配系数（KOC）值较大,主要吸附于沉积相,难迁移转化,相对而言,低环PAHs易载于悬浮物颗粒上,随水流迁移,因此两点悬浮物中低环PAHs含量较高。PAHs随环数增加,稳定性增加,降解速率降低,因此矛蚌体中5、6环的PAHs含量较高。沉积物中则1号点吴小街以低环PAHs为主,2号点浮山集以高环为主。结论]通过对环境介质中PAHs进行生态风险评价看出,沉积物中PAHs的潜在生态风险很小,沉积物和矛蚌尚未受到污染（PAHs污染指数均小于0.5）,但其周围环境中PAHs含量较高,应对PAHs的潜在危害予以重视。

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mussels from the Middle and Lower Main Stream of Huaihe River

Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary safety of mussels. Method] Suspended matter, sediment, and mussel samples were collected from Wuxiaojie and Fushanji in middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River. All samples were extracted with Soxhlet, separated through Silica GeI-Al2O3 column, and determined by GC-MS, and then 16 typical PAHs contents in the prior table listed by American EPA were obtained. Result] The results indicated that total PAHs concentrations in suspended matters and sediments of Wuxiaojie were significantly higher than those in Fushanji respectively. However, PAHs concentrations in mussels of the two samplings showed little difference; as for single PAH component, low-ring PAHs were more advantaged in suspended matters of two sampling sites, while high-ring PAHs were more advantaged in mussels. PAHs in sediments of Wuxiaojie assumed low-ring aspect, though PAHs in sediments of Fushanji assumed high-ring aspect. Conclusion] In spite of that sediments and mussels were not yet contaminated according to the ecological risk assessment of PAHs, its potential hazards couldn＇t be ignored any more.