北碚地区冬季低温冷害对花木的影响及其防御对策

目的]为重庆北碚地区花木产业的发展提供指导。方法]利用北碚地区1960～2009年的极端最低温度资料及2005～2007年三角花黄桷兰的侯生长状况与物候观测资料,分析该地区冬季低温冷害的温度幅度范围冷害影响时间及其对当地花木生长的影响。结果]影响北碚地区花木生长的冬季低温冷害时间主要为12月下旬～2月上旬,其中影响较严重的时间为1月份,低温冷害的温度范围主要为-2～5℃;重庆北碚地区花木生长的最适温度为12～28℃,高于或低于该温度范围均影响花木正常越冬开花和生长等;冬季任意一侯中有3d极端最低温度小于6℃时,即出现低温冷害并对花木造成较大影响。结论]根据冬季低温冷害的特点,结合趋势预报并采取相应措施可减小冷害对花木的影响。

Analysis on Effects of Chilling Damages on Flowers and Plants at Beibei Area in Winter and Its Prevention Countermeasures

Objective] The aim was to provide direction for the development of flowers and plants industry at Beibei area of Chongqing.Method] Effects of temperature ranges and influencing time of chilling damages in winter on local flowers and plants at Beibei area were analyzed,using extreme minimum temperature data during 1960 to 2009 and the phenological growth conditions and phenological observation data of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd and Michelia champaca during 2005 to 2007 at Beibei area.Result] Chilling damages affecting flowers and plants at Beibei area mostly emerged from late December to early February,the effects of which were relative serious in January with a temperature range from-2 to 5 ℃;the optimum temperatures were 12-28 ℃ for flowers and plants grown at Beibei area in Chongqing,being higher or lower than that temperature range will affect the normally overwintering flowering and growing;chilling damages affecting the flower seedlings would appear when being at extreme minimum temperatures lower than 6 ℃ for 3 d in any phenophase in winter.Conclusion] According to the characters of chilling damages in winter,the influences of which on flowers and plants can be reduced through combining tendency prediction and adopting corresponding measures.