我国水稻种植方式发展与转型(英文)

目的]分析我国水稻种植方式发展和转型特点,明确各稻区水稻种植方式的发展方向及需要研发的关键技术。方法]分析国外代表性产稻国及我国主要稻区水稻种植方式的演变,水稻种植方式的特点,适应性及问题。结果]国内外水稻种植方式的发展分析表明,水稻种植方式与水稻种植制度和生态环境相适应,随社会经济发展的发展而演变。我国90年代以来,随农村劳动力的转移,水稻抛秧面积逐渐发展,近十年来,水稻直播和机插秧面积发展较快。目前,手工插秧仍是主要种植方式,占水稻面积50%左右,抛秧、直播和机插秧分别占25%、12%和13%左右。结论]水稻机插秧是我国未来水稻生产的主导种植方式,虽然目前机械直播面积还很小,机械直播因节本省工效果明显在部分地区可以发展。提出了不同稻区将来主导的种植方式及需要研发的关键配套技术。

Development and Transition of Rice Planting in China

Objective] This paper aimed to clarify the rice planting methods and its supporting technology to be developed in rice producing areas in China. Method] Evolvement of rice planting methods in rice producing areas in China and in representative rice-growth countries abroad, its characteristics, adaptability and key issues were analyzed. Result] The analysis of development of rice planting method in China and abroad indicated that rice planting method was adapted to rice-based cropping system and ecological environment, and its transition accompanied with social and economic development. With agricultural labor transfer from agriculture to other industries since 1990’s, rice seedling throwing was gradually applied and in recent decades, while direct seeding and machine transplanting were practiced. Now, hand transplanting is still the main rice planting method, adopted in 50% of national rice planting area; seedling throwing, direct seeding and machine transplanting are conducted in 25% , 12% and 13% of the national rice planting area. Conclusion] Machine transplanting should be a leading rice planting method. Though area covered with machine direct seeding is still small up to now, it can be practiced in some rice growing area due to labor saving and low cost. Leading planting methods and its supporting key technologies are proposed in various rice producing areas in the future.