新疆彩色棉花遗传特性分析(英文)

目的]研究旨在揭示新疆主栽彩棉品种的遗传学特征。方法]选择5个白色陆地棉品种与2个白色海岛棉品种分别与5个棕色棉品种以及5个绿色棉品种进行完全双列杂交,得到F2群体,统计其中符合孟德尔规律的群体数,并对所有F2代群体的单株纤维色泽进行统计和分析;根据农艺性状对亲本进行聚类分析,同时进一步利用SSR对亲本进行了遗传多样性分析。结果]棕色和绿色棉纤维色泽遗传由细胞核控制,均由一对主效基因决定;棕色主要呈现显性遗传模式,而绿色棉纤维色泽遗传呈现显性遗传、不完全显性遗传或隐形遗传的模式。聚类分析表明,新疆主栽的棕色棉品种与新疆本地的陆地棉品种亲缘关系较近,与内地的陆地棉关系较远,与海岛棉关系最远;新疆主栽的绿色棉品种与新疆本地及内地的陆地棉关系均较远,与海岛棉关系最远。亲本的SSR遗传多样性分析表明,棕色和白色棉组合中,新陆早31号与新彩棉11号的多态性最高,293-zm-2与新彩棉5号的多态性最低;绿色和白色棉组合中,新陆早31号与绿85多态性最高,新陆早13号与新彩棉12号的多态性最低。结论]根据彩色棉遗传模式及聚类结果,可利用彩色棉与新疆本地或内地棉杂交,进行品质改良。此研究结果为彩棉优良新品种的选育提供种质资源及深入研究的依据,并对下一步将要开展的关联作图和彩棉色素基因的定位和克隆的研究材料进行评价,也为加快彩棉优良品种的定向选育提供了技术保证。

Studies on Hereditary Properties of Colored Cotton in Xinjiang

Objective] This study was to reveal the genetic characteristics of colored cotton varieties grown in Xinjiang.Method] Five white upland and two white sea island cotton varieties were processed complete diallel crosses with five brown cotton varieties and five green cotton varieties respectively,constructing 96 F2 populations,and the population number of those in line with Mendel’s law were counted.The individual fiber colors were statistically analyzed in each F2 generation.The cluster analysis was carried out to the parents based on their agronomic traits,and the SSR was used to analyze the genetic diversity of parents.Result] Both green and brown fiber colors were determined by single nuclear gene;brown fiber color mainly presented dominant heredity,while green fiber color presented dominant,incomplete dominant or recessive heredity.The cluster analysis indicated that brown cotton varieties in Xinjiang had closer genetic relationships with Xinjiang-native upland cotton varieties than other upland cotton varieties in China,but distant from sea island cotton varieties;while green cotton varieties grown in Xinjiang showed distant genetic relationships with both native and other upland cotton varieties in China,and most distant from sea island varieties.SSR genetic diversity analysis of the parents showed that in all white/brown cross combinations,Xinluzao31 and Xincaimian11 showed the highest polymorphism while 293-ZM-2 and Xincaimian5 showed the lowest;in white/green cross combinations,Xinluzao31 and Green 85 showed the highest polymorphism while Xinluzao13 and Xingcaimian12 showed the lowest.Conclusion] According to the genetic model and cluster analysis of colored cotton,the quality of cotton can be improved by hybridizing the colored cotton with Xinjiang native or inland cotton varieties of China.This study provides germplasm resources and further study basis for the breeding of new colored cotton varieties,and materials to the fiber color gene mapping and cloning in future,as well as the technical assurance for the directional breeding of quality colored cotton varieties.