两系法杂交水稻制种不安全问题的解决途径(英文)

制种安全问题已严重制约两系法杂交水稻健康持续发展。水稻两用核不育系不育起点温度偏高、两系杂交稻制种基地和时段选择不当以及不育起点温度漂变是导致两系杂交稻制种不安全的主要原因。本研究表明,选育不育起点温度低和耐受低温时间长的水稻两用核不育系能降低制种风险;根据历史气象资料和两系杂交稻制种"三个安全期"对气象条件的要求,利用计算机技术,研制了两系杂交稻制种基地和时段气象决策支持系统,解决了以往生产上盲目选择两系杂交稻制种基地和时段的问题;研创了株系育性鉴定方法和一季加再生冷水串灌繁种技术,采用该方法生产原种能降低原种生产世代数,防止水稻两用核不育系不育起点温度漂变。通过以上研究可从种性、种源和制种地三方面提高两系法杂交水稻制种安全性。

Solutions to Insecurity Problems in Seed Production of Two-line Hybrid Rice

The insecure problems of seed production have seriously hampered the healthy and sustainable development of two-line hybrid rice.The safety issues on seed production of two-line hybrid rice and current research situation were pointed out in this paper.The three main reasons for unsafety in seed production of twoline hybrid rice were unsuitable site selection,high critical sterility-inducing temperature and the drift of critical temperature.In this paper,strategies and measures were put forward based on many years of practice.It could minimize the risk in seed production of two-line hybrid rice by selecting dual-purpose genic male sterile line with lower critical sterility-inducing temperature and long lower temperature resistant time.Based on the climate data and climatic demands of the ＂three safe-periods＂ in seed production,a new idea for determining appropriate bases and periods for seed production was proposed by using computer technology,which solved the aimless selection of sites and periods for the seed production of two-line hybrid rice.Besides,we established a system of single plant selection and identification method and original seed propagation with cyclic cold water,which could reduce the generation number of original seed propagation in seed production and avoid the drift of critical sterility-inducing temperature.This paper improved the seed production safety in the three aspects of seed nature,seed source and seed production site.