苦瓜农艺性状遗传多样性及核心种质亲缘关系分析

目的]探索苦瓜农艺性状遗传多样性及核心种质遗传关系。方法]以141份苦瓜种质资源为研究材料，对13个农艺性状进行遗传多样性分析，另外，以46份苦瓜核心种质为研究对象，分别基于5个农艺性状的表型值和基因型值进行种质亲缘关系比较分析。结果]农艺性状遗传多样性分析结果表明：苦瓜种质资源4个质量性状的遗传多样性指数变幅为0.46~1.34，9个数量性状的遗传多样性指数变幅为4.90~4.94，其中9个数量性状数据分布较为分散，变异系数平均值为20.02%。结果]核心种质亲缘关系分析结果表明：分别基于5个数量性状的表型值和基因型效应值计算苦瓜种质间的遗传距离，两种分析结果存在一定偏差。基于基因型值分析结果表明不同种质间遗传距离变幅为0.84~10.71，在聚类重新标定距离为8.5时，46份苦瓜核心种质被分为17个类群，进一步明确了不同种质间的亲缘关系。结论]该研究结果为苦瓜核心种质的有效利用和新品种选育奠定了坚实的基础。

Study on Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits and Genetic Relationships among Core Collections of Bitter Gourd

Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of agro-nomic traits and genetic relationships among core col ections of bitter gourd. Method] Total 141 germplasms of bitter gourd were selected, and the genetic di-versity of 13 agronomic traits was analyzed. In addition, total 46 core col ections of bitter gourd were employed, and their genetic relationships were analyzed based on the phenotypic values and genotypic values of 5 agronomic traits, respectively. Re-sult] The genetic diversity analysis of agronomic traits showed that the genetic diver-sity indexes of the 4 qualitative traits of bitter gourd germplasms ranged from 0.46 to 1.34; the distribution of the 9 quantitative traits data was more dispersed with average coefficient of variation of 20.02%. The genetic relationship analysis showed that based on the phenotypic values and genotypic values of the 5 quantitative traits, the genetic distances among the 46 core col ections of bitter gourd were dif-ferent. Based on the genotypic values, the genetic distances among the 46 bitter gourd core col ections ranged from 0.84 to 10.71. The 46 germplasms were divided into 17 groups with the rescaled distance of 8.5, which further classified the rela-tionships among different germplasms. Conclusion] This study wil lay a solid foun-dation for the effective utilization of core col ections and new variety breeding in bit-ter gourd.