秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式和氮肥配施对冬小麦生长发育的影响

以华北地区主推的济麦22号为试材,研究了秸秆还田条件下三种耕作方式配施三个氮肥水平对冬小麦农艺性状和光合速率的影响。结果表明:耕作方式和氮肥施用对冬小麦农艺性状和光合速率有显著影响。深耕(DT)提高了叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)和归一化植被指数(NDVI),穗数和分蘖数增加,产量最高;免耕(NT)使光合速率加快,成穗率增加,产量在三种耕作方式中居中;旋耕(RT)光合速率最小,成穗率最低,产量最低。氮肥施用可以使产量增加,增加幅度因耕作方式而异。免耕播种减少了劳动力投入,节约了成本,所以深耕或免耕配施225 kg/hm2纯氮是值得推荐的模式。

Effects of Different Tillage Methods and Nitrogen Levels on Winter Wheat Growth and Development under the Condition of Straw Returning

With the cultivar Jimai 22 applied widely in Northern China as test material,the effects of three kinds of tillage methods combined with three nitrogen levels on agronomic traits and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat were studied in the condition of straw returning.The results showed that tillage and nitrogen had significant effects on agronomic traits and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat.Deep tillage(DT) increased the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),spike number and tiller number,and the yield was the highest.No tillage(NT) enhanced the photosynthetic rate and spike rate,and the yield was the intermediate level.The photosynthetic rate,spike rate and yield were the least in rotary tillage(RT).The yield was increased by nitrogen,but the increasing range was determined by tillage.No tillage saved labor and cost,so deep tillage or no tillage combined with 225 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer was the recommended mode.