“十五”以来山东省小麦育种现状及发展趋势

本文对山东省＂十五＂以来小麦育种现状进行了较为详细的总结,并对存在的主要问题和今后的发展趋势进行了分析。近10年内,山东省小麦育种成绩突出,育成品种类型多、适应性广、推广种植面积大;产量三因素构成合理、增产幅度大、产量潜力高;小麦品质与产量协同提高取得较大进展。小麦育种中存在的主要问题是亲本利用单一,育成品种亲缘关系近、遗传基础狭窄;适合旱地种植的耐旱耐瘠品种相对缺乏;优质品种的抗逆性、抗病性及丰产性急需提高。山东省小麦育种发展方向应重点集中在以下几个方面：①选育水肥及光热资源高效利用型品种,实现大面积均衡增产是大幅度提高山东省小麦产量的关键;②提高品种的抗逆性和抗病性是应对气候和耕作制度变化的有效措施;③小麦品质育种应重点提高优质品种的抗逆性、抗病性和产量潜力;④常规育种与现代分子育种技术有机结合。

Current Status of Wheat Breeding in Shandong Province since the Tenth Five-Year Program and the Future Progress Tendency

The current status of wheat breeding in Shandong since the tenth five-year program was summarized in detail,some main problems and progress tendency were also analyzed.During the past ten years,some outstanding achievements of wheat breeding in Shandong were obtained.First,the new released varieties were screened with different characteristics,wide adaptation and large planting area.Second,the ratio of yield composing factors was selected to be more reasonable,so the production increased markedly,and yield potential was enhanced highly.Third,one great breakthrough was made on the.increase of wheat quality cooperated with grain yield.At the same time,some problems were found during the wheat breeding such as lacking of parental materials,leading to the narrow so the genetic relationship among released varieties,and the limit of their hereditary basis;insufficiency of the varieties adapted for barren dry land;and the need to improve stress resistance,disease tolerance and yielding ability of high quality varieties.In the future,the wheat breeding in Shandong should be mainly focused on the four trends: ①screening new lines with high efficient utilization of water,fertilization and sunlight,and maintaining the production increase in balance in large planting area was the critical factor for increasing yield markedly in Shandong;②strengthening the stress resistance and disease tolerance of new lines as the most efficient method to adapt the climate changes;③putting the highlight of wheat quality breeding on the enhance of stress resistance,disease tolerance and yield potential;④combining the utilization of modern molecular breeding technology with the typical regular breeding methods correctly.