黄淮海地区主栽夏大豆品种品质研究

对近年黄淮海地区推广种植的21个夏大豆品种主要营养成分的研究表明,蛋白质平均含量为43.2%,脂肪平均含量为19.9%,均属于优质大豆。但含硫氨基酸平均含量为1.24%,水平仍然较低;不饱和脂肪酸平均占总脂肪酸的83.8%,达到优质水平。但各营养成分的变异系数较低,表明人工定向选择造成栽培品种的遗传多样性降低。通过对各成分相关性分析发现,含硫氨基酸与蛋白含量呈弱正相关关系,油酸、亚油酸与脂肪含量呈弱正相关关系,这一结论说明,如要改良大豆的品质,单纯靠培育高油、高蛋白大豆品种是较难实现的。

Research on Quality of Main Summer Soybean Cultivars in Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe Region of China

The main nutrient compositions of 21 summer soybean cultivars from Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe region were analyzed,and the results showed that the average contents of protein and fat were 43.2% and 19.9% respectively;the average content of sulfur containing amino acid was still lower,only 1.24%;the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids was 83.8%.However,the coefficients of variation of the main nutrient compositions were lower,which indicated that human selection decreased the genetic diversity of cultivars from Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe region.The content of sulfur containing amino acid had weak positive correlation with protein content,and the content of oleic acid or linoleic acid also had positive correlation with lipid content weakly.So it was difficult to improve the quality of soybean only by breeding high-oil or high-protein cultivars.