苹果叶片愈伤组织的诱导培养

为获得优质的愈伤组织,以国光和富士苹果的幼嫩叶片为外植体,研究了不同的消毒方法、植物生长调节剂种类及其浓度、光照条件、叶片放置方式等因素对叶片愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明:(1)直接进行光培养,愈伤诱导率只有50%～55%,先暗培养14 d再光培养与先暗培养21 d再光培养叶片的愈伤组织诱导率都达100%,但前者产生的愈伤组织结构紧密呈淡黄色,后者出现白化疏松的愈伤细胞。暗培养14d为诱导叶片愈伤组织形成的有利条件。(2)未添加激素的MS基本培养基比添加激素的MS培养基有利于降低叶片的褐变率。(3)采用叶片远轴面接触培养基比近轴面接触培养基的愈伤诱导率高约25%～30%,且诱导愈伤组织形成的时间较早。(4)国光叶片在MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA的培养基中,富士叶片在MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA的培养基中愈伤组织的诱导效果最佳。

Induction Culture of Callus from Apple Leaves

In order to obtain better callus,the leaves of Ralls and Fuji apple were used as explants,and the effects of different disinfection methods,types and concentrations of plant growth regulators,light conditions and ways of explants touching medium on callus induction were studied.The results were as follows.(1) The callus induction rate of only light culture after inoculation was only 50%~55%.But after dark culture for 14 or 21 days and then light culture,the callus induction rate reached to 100%,and yellow calluses with tight structure were obtained from the former,while albino ones with loose structure were obtained from the latter.Dark culture for 14 days was advantage to callus formation.(2) The MS basic medium with no hormone was beneficial to reducing the browning rate compared to the MS medium with added hormones.(3) The induction rate could increased by 25%~30% and the callus formation time was earlier with the leaf abaxial surface contacting medium compared to using the leaf adaxial surface contacting medium.(4) The suitable medium for callus formation of Ralls and Fuji leaves were MS+ 2.0 mg/L 6-BA +0.2 mg/L NAA and MS+1.0 mg /L 6-BA +0.2 mg/L NAA,respectively.