灌水处理对强筋小麦济麦20籽粒淀粉含量和相关酶活性及产量的影响

在山东兖州小孟镇王海村大田,以强筋小麦品种济麦20为材料,设置4个灌水处理,即全生育期不灌水(W0)、冬水+拔节水(W1)、冬水+拔节水+开花水(W2)、冬水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水(W3),每次灌水60 mm,研究不同灌水处理对小麦籽粒淀粉及组分含量、淀粉合成相关酶活性、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:成熟期小麦籽粒中直链淀粉含量随灌水量增加而提高,支链淀粉含量则呈相反趋势;籽粒支链淀粉/直链淀粉含量的比例(支/直比值)为W0处理最高,随灌水量增加而降低。在冬水+拔节水基础上增加开花水和灌浆水的W2和W3处理,灌浆中后期籽粒中束缚态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性升高,灌浆中后期籽粒中可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性降低。W1处理的籽粒总淀粉及淀粉组分产量最高,再增加灌水次数无显著提高或降低。

Effects of Irrigation on Starch Content, Related Enzymes and Yield of Jimai 20 Grains

Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation time and amount on grain starch content,starch synthase activity,grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of wheat variety Jimai 20 during 2005~2006.Four water treatments were set up: no irrigation(W0),irrigation at overwintering and jointing stages(W1),irrigation at overwintering,jointing and anthesis stages(W2),irrigation at overwintering,jointing,anthesis and filling stages(W3).Each was irrigated with 60 mm water.The results showed that the amylose content significantly increased with the increase of irrigation amount at the grain-maturing stage,while the amylopectin content was significantly reduced with a reduction in the ratio of amylopectin to amylose.The ratio of amylopectin to amylose of W0 treatment was the highest.The W2 and W3 treatments significantly increased the GBSS activity and reduced the SSS activity at both middle and late grain-filling stages.The highest output values of grain,starch,amylopectin,andamylose were achieved in W1 treatment and more irrigation had no significant influence to them.