辣椒的矿物质肥、氮肥、磷肥优化施肥方案及经济效益分析

采用三因子二次饱和D-最优设计,研究了矿物质肥、氮肥、磷肥配施对辣椒产量的影响,建立了以矿物质肥、氮肥、磷肥为因变量,辣椒产量为目标函数的三元二次数学模型,并进行了经济效益分析。通过对模型进行检验分析得出:矿物质肥、氮肥、磷肥对辣椒的产量均有显著的影响,并且在两个因素间存在显著的互作效应。三因素的影响顺序为:氮肥>矿物质肥料>磷肥。在低水平条件下,辣椒的产量会随着矿物质肥、氮肥、磷肥的用量增加而升高;当用量过高,产量会下降。通过计算机模拟运算,只考虑产量时,产量在4 500～6 000 kg/hm2之间,施肥方案为矿物质肥635.34～659.46 kg/hm2,氮肥(N)239.20～247.69 kg/hm2,磷肥(P2O5)66.95～69.44 kg/hm2;考虑经济效益,当获得最大经济效益56 037.25元/hm2,则矿物质肥料、氮肥、磷肥最佳施用量分别为262.65、329.53、108.45 kg/hm2。

Optimized Fertilization Scheme of Mineral Fertilizer, Nitrogen and Phosphorus for Pepper and Its Economic Benefit Analysis

The quadratic saturated D-optimum design of three factors was used in this experiment to study the effects of compound application of mineral fertilizer,nitrogen(N) and phosphate(P) fertilizer on pepper yield,and then the ternary quadratic mathematical models were established and their economical benefits were analyzed.The results showed that the mineral fertilizer,N and P had significant impact on yield of pepper,and there were significant interaction effects between two factors.The order of three factors affecting yield was N> mineral fertilizers>P.Under the condition of low fertilizer level,the yield of pepper rose with the increased amount of mineral fertilizer,N and P;when the fertilizer rate was too high,the pepper yield could decline.By means of computer simulation,to obtain the pepper yield of 4 500~6 000 kg/hm2,the application rates of mineral fertilizer,N and P2O5 were 635.34~659.46,239.20~247.69,66.95~69.44 kg/hm2 respectively;to obtain the maximum economic benefit of 56 037.25 yuan per hectare,the optimum application rate of mineral fertilizer,N and P2O5 was 262.65,329.53 and 108.45 kg/hm2.