德国市民农园发展概况及对北京的启示

市民农园最先在德国兴起，同时德国也是世界上最早制定市民农园法律的国家。目前的《联邦市民农园法》为德国市民农园发展提供了法律保障，不同城市据此制定当地的市民农园法规。德国发展市民农园具有提供安全食品、满足休闲乐趣、培训农事技能、促进文化融合、营造城市景观等功能。其特点可以概括为：法律保障；注重需求；生态环保；自主管理等。借鉴德国经验，对北京市发展市民农园的启示：统筹规划，制定建设经营标准；挖掘潜力，满足城市居民需求；多方营造，美化城市生态景观；形式多样，鼓励多种经营管理。

The Development of the Allotment Gardens in Germany and the Enlightenment for Beijing

The rise of the allotment gardens was initially appeared in Germany. Meanwhile, it is the first country that enacted the law of allotment garden in the world. The current "Federal Law of Allotment Garden" has provided the legal guarantee for the German allotment gardens. Moreover, based on the law, various cities have made the regulations respectively. Except for providing safety food and meeting the needs of entertaining and relaxation, to develop allotment garden could also improve the German citizens' farming-skill and enhance the cultural integration, building urban landscape as well. The characteristics of allotment garden in Germany can be summarized into a few phrases: legal safeguard, attaching importance to needs, eco-environment protection and self-management. Therefore, by studying German experience, Beijing could also develop allotment garden in the following ways. First, an overall planning and the standards of construction and management should be made. Secondly, potential of allotment garden in Beijing should be exploited and the urban citizens' needs be met. Thirdly, the urban ecological landscape should be built and improved in various ways. Last but not least, diversified management and operations should be encouraged.