烤烟地膜覆盖栽培分析

 在云南省高海拔地区烤烟地膜覆盖栽培技术是一项提高烤烟产量、质量的重要措施之一.但由于施肥种类的不当,造成土壤日趋贫瘠,烤烟品质下降等;一些新开发的低海拔热区种植夏烟,盲目地采用地膜覆盖技术,引起膜内温度过高等不良因素,影响了烤烟正常生长发育,造成烟株蹲棵不长,甚至早花,使烤烟产量减少,品质下降,以及因覆膜把烤烟适种范围推至高寒山区等不利因素.本文根据烤烟生长发育的特点,较全面地分析了高海拔、低海拔地区烤烟地膜覆盖栽培的问题所在.在分析研究的基础上,得出了高海拔地膜烟需增施有机肥,其施用量占所需施肥总量的2/3对一些海拔低于1800m的烟区,特别热区,不适宜采用该项技术,在夏烟上应停止使用.

The Analysis to Polythene Mulch Caltivation in Flue-cured Tobacco

The polythene mulch cultivation is one of the important techniques to increase the outpat and quality of flue-cured tobacco in the high altitude area of Yunnan Province.However,the unsuited application of fertilizor varieties along with the polythene mulch has led the soil as well as the quality of tobacco to be poorer and poorer.In some newly developed tobacco areas where altitnde is lower and tempreture is higher,the polythene mulch has been found to result in an over-high temperture of soil beneath the cover,which affecfed seriously the normal growth(e.g. dwarf plant and premature flowering)and thus decreased the output and quality of summer-planted tobacco.Inaddition, the geographic scope suitable for tobacco planting has been shifted to the colder areas of higher altitude due to irrational polythene mulch cultivation.In the light of characteristics of growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,the paper gives a detail analysis to the polythene mulch cultivation of tobacco in higher and lower altitude aeras and points out that the supply of organic fertilizer should be increased up to a higher level in amount which makes up 2/3 of all fortilizers applied to tobacco with polythene mulch covering in higher altitude areas. In the hot areas lower than 1800 m above sea level, the polythene mulch cultivationation showld or must not been used tobacco, especially to summer-planted one.