利用微卫星PCR技术分析山猪的遗传结构*

 选用世界粮农组织（FAO）和国际动物遗传学会（ISAG）联合推荐的23个微卫星位点对山猪群体的遗传多样性进行检测。通过等位基因频率、有效等位基因数、杂合度、多态信息含量的计算以及瓶颈效应分析,判断山猪群体目前遗传结构和濒危状况。结果表明,23个微卫星座位的多态信息含量在0.452~0.847之间。群体平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度分别为0.686和0.731。瓶颈效应分析表明,山猪群体拥有极显著的杂合度过剩位点数,在无限等位基因模型和逐步突变模型下的平均杂合度为0.559和0.672,推断其有效群体大小近几十年在明显下降,从而说明山猪群体已经处于被灭绝的威胁中。上述研究结果对于山猪的保种和开发利用具有重要的指导意义。

Analysis of the Genetic Structure of Shan Pig by Microsatellite PCR

The genetic diversity of Shan pig was surveyed using twenty-three microsatllites recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics(ISAG) and Food and Agriculture Organiazation(FAO).By means of the allele frequencies,effective number of alleles,heterozygosity,polymorphism information content and bottleneck analysis,the genetic structure and the extent of being in severe danger of Shan pig were estimated.The results was as follows: the polymorphism information cotents of 23 microsatllites in Shan pig were 0.452 to 0.847.The average polymorphism information cotent and heterozygosity of 23 microsatellite markers in Shan pig respectively were 0.686 and 0.731.The result of bottleneck analysis showed the Shan pig population exhibited a significant number of loci with heterozygosity excess(the average heterozygosity under infinite allele model and stepwise mutation model in Shan pig respectively were 0.559 and 0.672),which indicated Shan pig population had experienced a recent reduction of its effective population size,and the population was in severe danger.The results could establish scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of Shan pig breed resource.