3种裸大麦叶色突变体的选育及其突变性状的比对分析

 大麦叶色突变体在光合作用机理、基因功能鉴定和激素生理等研究中具有一定应用价值。本文利用0.5%EMS诱变裸大麦品种“北青7号”干种子，通过自交繁殖分离到M₄代黄条纹、淡绿和黄化3种叶色突变体植株。突变体与亲本材料的性状比对分析表明，3种叶色突变体带有矮秆、节间缩短2种突变性状，其中，黄条纹和黄化2种突变体还带有穗长缩短突变。3种叶色突变体的叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）和总叶绿素质量分数均显著低于对照（P<0.05），Chla质量分数下降比Chlb的更快，其中，以黄化突变体中叶绿素质量分数最低、Chla质量分数下降最快。3种叶色突变体在4个时间点的光合效率都显著低于亲本光合效率，其中，黄化突变体光合效率在4个时间点最低。黄条纹突变体光合效率的提高和减弱比亲本的慢，淡绿和黄化2种突变体的提高和减弱比亲本的快。3种叶色突变体具有不同的形态特征和光合特性，可能涉及不同的基因突变，在光合作用机理等研究中具有一定的应用价值。

Development of Three Leaf Color Mutants of Naked Barley and the Comparative Analysis of Their Mutant Traits

Barley leaf color mutant is useful in studying photosynthesis mechanism, gene function identification, hormone physiology and so on. In the present study, the 0.5% EMS was employed to mutate the dry seeds of naked barley variety "Beiqing No.7", and 3 leaf color mutants with yellow stripe, light green and yellow in their leaves were selected from the M₄ self-population. The results of these traits comparative analysis between 3 leaf color mutants and their parent showed that the plant height and node length had been shortened significantly in yellow stripe leaf mutant, light green leaf mutant and yellow leaf mutant, the spike length had been shortened significantly in yellow stripe leaf mutant and yellow leaf mutant. The contents of Chla, Chlb and total chlorophyll in 3 leaf color mutants were all lower significantly than those in their parent (P<0.05), the decrease of Chla content was quicker than that of Chlb content in 3 leaf color mutants, the content of yellow leaf mutants chlorophyll was the lowest, and the decrease of yellow leaf mutant Chla content was the quickest in 3 leaf color mutants. The photosynthetic efficiency at 4 time points in 3 leaf color mutants was obviously lower than that in their patent, and that of yellow leaf mutant was the lowest in 3 leaf color mutants. The improvement or decrease of photosynthetic efficiency in yellow stripe leaf mutant was slower, but that in light green leaf mutant and yellow leaf mutant was quicker than that in their parent. Three leaf color mutants had different characteristic in both morph and photosynthetic efficiency, they could contain different mutant genes, and show some application value in studying photosynthetic mechanism and so on.