云南省油菜轻简化栽培模式及效益分析

 随着农村劳动力转移，推广应用以节约劳动力投入为主的少免耕栽培方法已成为难以实现机械化生产的南方油菜产区发展生产的必然选择。为筛选适宜云南不同生态产区最经济有效的油菜轻简化栽培模式，制定云南省油菜节本增效栽培技术规程，2009~2010年度，在云南陇川、凤庆、丽江、腾冲、罗平5个具有代表性的油菜生态区，与传统精细栽培模式为对照，对当地主要轻简化栽培模式进行了研究。结果表明：油菜生产劳动力和肥料投入占总投入的85%以上，属于高劳动强度农业生产；轻简化栽培下油菜单株角果数、角粒数和单株产量均降低，其增产潜力的发挥主要依赖于增加种植密度；以少免耕为主的云南常见轻简化栽培方式平均节约生产成本20.83%，节本增效66.49%，投入产出比提高29.68%；云南油菜轻简化栽培应因地制宜选用少免耕打塘点播种（滇南热区）、免耕撒播（滇中高稳产区）、免耕打塘点播（滇东北和滇西北冷凉地区）、免耕移栽（滇西）、跟牛点播（滇东旱地油菜产区）等轻简化栽培方式。为提高商品油菜籽的总产量，在部分有劳动力条件的滇中及滇中以南产区，仍以采用传统的翻耕栽培（直播或移栽）方式为宜。

The Mode and Efficiency Analysis of Light and Simple Cultivation of Rape in Yunnan

 It is an inevitable choice that the extension of minimum tillage and no tillage system with labor saving in the main rape production of south chain where the mechanization was difficult The conventional simple cultivation systems were researched in Longchuan, Fengqing, Lijiang, Tengchong and Luoping,the 5 representative rape ecological regions in Yunnan, from 2009 to 2010,compared with the traditional intensive cultivation. The results showed that the labor force and fertilizer input accounted for 85%, in the rape production which had high labor intensity. The individual yield, pod number and seed number per pod had reduced while the increasing production mainly depend increasing density. The production cost reduction and cost saving and effectiveness increasing of common light and simple system in Yunnan reduced respective increased by 2083% and 6649% and the input output ratio increased by 2968%.Various light and simple cultivation systems had been adopted in Yunnan different ecological regions. In order to increase the yield, the traditional tillage (direct seeding or transplanting) was the optimal way in the central and south of Yunnan where had adequacy labor force.