有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响

为探讨定西地区有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮的适宜比例,提高马铃薯产量和品质,减少化肥施用量,以“陇薯10号”为材料,进行了有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮对马铃薯生长发育和产量的影响试验。结果表明,施用有机肥提高了马铃薯地上地下生物量、马铃薯块茎产量和块茎商品薯率,与对照相比,成熟期马铃薯地上部生物量分别增加17.82%、22.71%、31.80%和17.28%,块茎产量分别增加44.17%、50.28%、59.99%和45.94%,与纯施化肥相比,成熟期马铃薯地上部生物量分别增加6.10%、10.51%、18.70%和5.62%,块茎产量分别增加11.32%、16.04%、23.53%和12.69%,其中马铃薯地上地下生物量和块茎产量都以30%有机肥氮替代化肥氮增加最多;有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮提高了马铃薯水分利用效率,与对照相比,水分利用效率分别提高了50.62%、54.95%、62.22%和50.07%,与纯施化肥相比则分别高12.80%、16.04%、21.49%和12.39%。综上所述,施用有机肥能够提高马铃薯地上地下生物量、块茎产量和水分利用效率,因此30%有机肥氮替代化肥氮是适合定西地区马铃薯生产的最佳比例。

Effects of Partial Peplacement of Fertilizer Nitrogen by Organic Fertilizer Nitrogen on Potato Yield and Water Use Efficiency

In order to explore the appropriate proportion of partial replacement of fertilizer nitrogen by organic fertilizer nitrogen in dingxi area, improve potato yield and quality, and reduce the amount of fertilizer application, the effects of partial replacement of fertilizer nitrogen by organic fertilizer nitrogen on potato growth and yield were tested. The results show that: (1) Organic fertilizer can significantly increase the aboveground and root fresh weight, potato tuber yield and commodity potato rate, compared with CK, potato aboveground biomass increased by 17.82%, 22.71%, 31.80% and 17.28% of mature period, tuber yield increased by 44.17%, 50.28%, 59.99% and 45.94%, compared with the pure fertilizers treatment, potato aboveground biomass increased by 6.10%, 10.51%, 18.70% and 5.62%, tuber yield increased by 11.32%, 16.04%, 23.53% and 12.69%, among which the above ground biomass and tuber yield of potato increased the most by 30% organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of fertilizer nitrogen. (2) partial replacement of fertilizer nitrogen by organic fertilizer nitrogen improved the water use efficiency of potatoes, compared with CK, the water use efficiency increased by 50.62%, 54.95%, 62.22% and 50.07%, compared with pure fertilizer treatment , the water use efficiency increased by 12.80%, 16.04%, 21.49% and 12.39%. In conclusion, the application of organic fertilizer can significantly improve the aboveground and underground biomass, tuber yield and water use efficiency of potatoes. Therefore, 30% organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of fertilizer nitrogen is the best proportion suitable for potato production in dingxi region.