炭基肥在贵州山地特色高效农业发展中的应用及其效益分析

通过对贵州山区农业废弃物利用现状、存在问题进行分析,探讨该区农业废弃物资源化发展的方向及炭基肥在贵州山地特色高效农业发展中的应用前景。在利用传统堆肥和沼气发酵技术生产有机肥及其应用的基础上,施用生物质炭与肥料配制的炭基肥可以明显地促进耕地有机培肥及作物生长。在贵州发展山地特色高效农业,要全面推广高效的堆肥发酵及沼气发酵技术,利用作物秸秆和畜禽粪便生产有机肥及土壤改良剂,实现农业废弃物的高效化、高值化利用。同时,要大力推广生物质炭化技术,利用农业废弃物生产以生物质炭为载体的多元化产品,通过生产炭基土壤改良剂、炭基有机肥、炭基复合肥,以及蔬菜、花卉、苗木等育苗基质,全面地提高农业废弃物利用的经济效益、生态效益及社会效益。

The Application of Biochar-fertilizer and Its Benefit Analysis for Developing Efficient Agricul-ture with Mountainous Characteristic in Guizhou Province

By analyzing the situation of agricultural wastes utilization and problems, we discussed the direction of using agricultural waste as resources and the prospects of utilizing biochar-fertilizer for developing efficient agriculture with mountainous characteristic in Guizhou Province. On the basis of the traditional compost and biogas fermentation technology to produce organic fertilizer and its application, applying biochar-fertilizer can significantly promote arable organic fertili-zation and crop growth. The efficient composting and biogas technology were comprehensively promoted to develop efficient agriculture with mountainous characteristic in Guizhou Province, which the organic fertilizer and soil conditioner were pro-duced by using crop residues and animal manure for efficiency or high-value use of agricultural waste. At the same time, we should vigorously promote the technology of biomass carbonization, using agricultural waste to produce the carrier of diversified products with biochar, by the production of charcoal-based soil conditioner, carbon-based organic fertilizer, carbon-based compound fertilizer, as well as the nursery matrix of vegetables, flowers, seedlings and other plants, to comprehensively improve economic, ecological and social benefits of agricultural waste utilization.