长江三角洲地区面源污染及调控对策

在进行文献资料查阅和野外实地考察的基础上,总结研究了长江三角洲地区面源污染的现状,并从人的思想认识角度初步分析了污染的原因,提出了可能的对策。文章认为:面源污染主要是由畜禽养殖后粪尿处理不当、化肥农药的不合理和过度施用、生活排泄物和废弃物无序排放导致的,污染的根源和直接作用者是人。

Status Quo, Cause and Countermeasures of Non-Point Pollution in Yangtze Delta

Yangtze Delta is one of the most developed regions in China. It occupies only 1.27% of the total land, while its GDP accounts for more than 20% of the totals of China in 2002. Non-point source pollution is quite serious in this region. By retrieving of existing documents and limited field investigations, we found that most of the lakes and rivers in this region were in heavily pollution. The agricultural non-point source pollution was mainly induced by: raising a great deal of livestock and poultry, over-use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, irrational use of organic manure, irrational discarding of living egesta and castoff, and soil and water erosion. Intensive human activity was the rootstock of non-point source pollution, suggesting that major reasons for heavy non-point source pollution were: lack of investment on the protection of agricultural environment, lack of consciousness on the importance of agro-environmental protection, the complexity of the sources of non-point source pollution, and difficulty of coping with the non-point source pollution. Suggestions were also made for possible countermeasures to prevent non-point source pollution. Appropriate policy should be enacted to encourage peasants to properly use both organic and chemical fertilizers, and to make it profitable for the treatment of egesta of livestock and poultry. Innovative, practical, and affordable techniques should also be developed to cope with the huge amount of waste water from living castoff.