堆肥化过程中氮素损失控制材料的添加试验研究

以堆肥化过程氮素损失规律为基础,在模拟堆肥条件下,分别采用物理吸附材料、化学吸附材料和混合材料为固定剂,各种固定剂按不同比例梯度添加,进行氨的固定试验研究。结果表明,固定效率随固定剂添加量的增加而升高。蚯蚓粪(7.32%)和草炭(8.99%)有较好的固定效果,且二者本身就是一种含养分丰富的腐殖质类肥料,适合做堆肥化氮素损失原位控制材料。硫酸盐和氯化盐都对氨有一定的固定效果,其中铁盐和铝盐对氨的固定效果明显,最高可达99%。氯化铁和过磷酸钙混合固定剂有较好的固定效果,但不如等量的氯化铁、过磷酸钙单独作用的效果。氢氧化镁和磷酸按不同比例反应制成的各种乳状液对氨都有极好的固定作用,所有处理均达70%以上。同时在堆肥产品中还获得一种含MgNH4PO4的有机无机新型复混肥,有利于作物的生长,是一种理想的堆肥化添加剂。

Materials of Controlling Nitrogen Loss During Composting

Based on the law of nitrogen loss during composting, the nitrogen fixed efficiencies of using physisorption stuff, chemisorbed stuff and mixed stuff were studied under the conditions of stimulated composting at different scale. Generally, more the fixative added, higher the fixed efficiency is. Higher fixed efficiency are achieved using wormcast (7.32%) and turf (8.99%), and both are rich nutrient humus manure which fit for controlling loss of nitrogen during composting. Sulphate and chlorizated salts have a better effect on nitrogen fixation, molysite and aluminium compounds are best among them, with the maximum fixing ratio 99%. Admixture of iron chloride and superphosphate have good fixing effect, but inferior to the single effect of iron chloride or superphosphate. Emulsions made of different proportions of magnesium hydroxide and phosphoric acid have the best effect on ammonia fixing, all treatments are more than 70%. At the same time, a new style of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer containing MgNH4PO4 is obtained in the compost, which was favorable for crop growth and a desirable additive during composting.