池塘养殖污染负荷核算方法研究及比较分析

为科学、准确和定量地分析池塘养殖水管理过程及污染负荷,实现水产养殖的控污减排,对现有污染负荷核算方法进行调研,对其进行了适应性评价和实例计算,并在此基础上对化学分析法进行了优化改进。结果表明:不同方法下污染负荷核算结果为污染负荷率法竹内俊朗法物料平衡法排污系数法化学分析法;基于物质守恒的3种方法计算结果远高于化学分析法和排污系数法,表明池塘底泥对养殖期间所产生的污染负荷贡献较大;改进化学分析法计算结果显示饵料是池塘养殖中产生污染的主要来源,在试验池塘养殖生产中底泥在TN排污中占比约60%,TP占比高达85%左右。研究表明,池塘水管理及底泥对污染负荷核算结果影响较大,且改进化学分析法可定量反映池塘养殖总产污量及水体和底泥排放分别对外界环境产生的影响。

Accounting methods and comparative analysis of pollution load from an aquaculture pond

A scientific, accurate, and quantitative analysis of water management and pollution load is very important for pollution control and load reduction of pond aquaculture. In this study, existing pollution load accounting methods were investigated,adaptability evaluation and pollution load calculations were conducted, and the chemical analysis methods was improved. The results showed the following increasing order of pollution loads calculated by different methods:pollution load rate method > Takeochi method > Mass balance method > pollutant discharge coefficient method > chemical analysis method. The pollution loads calculated by the three methods based on the mass conservation theory were much higher than that by the chemical analysis method and discharge coefficient method. This indicates that fish feed residual sediment contributes more pollutant load to the external environment of the pond. The calculation of loads by the improved chemical analysis method showed that fish feed was the main source of the pollution load in the pond, and the proportions of TN and TP in the sediment were about 60% and 85% of the total pollution load, respectively. Our results indicated that pond water and sediment management have a large impact on pollution load accounting results, and that improved chemical analysis can quantitatively reflect the impact of total aquaculture production, water, and sediment discharge on the external environment.