典型季节规模化猪场氨排放特征研究

为探求典型季节规模化猪场主要污染环节的氨排放特征,通过高分辨率在线监测设备对上海典型某规模化猪场的肉猪养殖棚舍与堆粪棚的氨浓度进行连续监测,获取主要环节典型季节的氨排放通量水平。研究结果表明,肉猪养殖棚舍夏秋两季平均氨浓度水平分别为3.31±0.31 mg·m~(-3)和4.91±0.56 mg·m~(-3),而堆粪棚夏秋两季氨浓度水平分别为6.26±1.57 mg·m~(-3)和3.19±0.61 mg·m~(-3)。肉猪棚舍夏秋两季氨浓度日小时范围分别为2.9～3.7 mg·m~(-3)和3.8～5.5 mg·m~(-3),即夏季肉猪棚舍氨浓度呈先上升后下降的趋势,主要受温度、畜禽活动强度的影响;秋季肉猪棚舍氨浓度变化趋势为先下降后上升,主要受9:00—15:00机械通风运行模式的影响。肉猪养殖棚舍夏秋两季的氨排放通量分别为10.12±0.96 g·d~(-1)·头~(-1)和7.07±1.58 g·d~(-1)·头~(-1),堆粪棚夏秋两季氨排放通量分别为2.99±0.69 g·d~(-1)·头~(-1)和0.89±0.31 g·d~(-1)·头~(-1)。相关性分析表明,在夏季,通风量是影响肉猪养殖棚舍氨排放通量的主导因素,而在秋季,氨排放通量则更多地受到温度与湿度的影响。

Seasonal ammonia emission from intensive pig farm by high resolution online monitor

This study was focused on ammonia emission from an intensive pig farm, where ammonia concentration in piggeries and manure sheds was monitored using high-resolution online monitor during the typical time of seasons. The results showed that the average seasonal ammonia concentrations in the piggery shed were 3.31±0.31 mg·m^-3 during summer and 4.91±0.56 mg·m^-3 during autumn. The figures for manure shed were 6.26±1.57 mg·m^-3 for summer, and 3.19±0.61 mg·m^-3 for autumn. The hourly ammonia concentrations of the piggery shed demonstrated significant seasonal differences with 2.9~3.7 mg·m^-3 and 3.8~5.5 mg·m^-3 in summer and autumn respectively. The ammonia emission in summer increased initially and decreased later, mainly due to the effect of temperature and livestock activity intensity, whereas the ammonia emission in autumn decreased first within the mechanical ventilation mode from 9:00 to 15:00, and then increased within the natural ventilation mode. The ammonia emission fluxes in the piggery were 10.12±0.96 and 7.07±1.58 g·d^-1·head^-1 for summer and autumn respectively, whereas in the manure shed, the figures were 2.99±0.69 and 0.89±0.31 g·d^-1·head^-1, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that in the studied piggery, ventilation was the dominant factor for ammonia emission during summer, whereas temperature and humidity were the major factors during autumn.