4种植物水浸提液对铅镉污染土壤的淋洗效果

为探讨植物水浸提液淋洗去除土壤中重金属的可行性，选用驳骨丹（Buddleja asiatica）、茵陈蒿（Artemisia capillaries）、假酸浆（Nicandra physaloides）和紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophora）4种植物材料的水浸提液作为淋洗剂，分析不同淋洗剂浓度、pH和淋洗时间对去除土壤中重金属铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）的影响。结果表明，4种植物淋洗剂对2种土壤中Pb和Cd均具有一定的去除作用。随着淋洗剂浓度的增加，其对土壤中Pb和Cd的淋洗效率总体呈上升趋势；随淋洗剂pH的增大，淋洗率总体呈降低趋势；而随淋洗时间的增加，4种植物的Pb和Cd淋洗率呈总体增加、先增后减和无显著变化等3种趋势。驳骨丹对土壤A中Cd（72.45%）和Pb（13.27%）的去除率最高，对土壤B中Pb（17.27%）去除率最高；紫茎泽兰对土壤B中Cd（59.81%）的去除率最高。研究表明，驳骨丹和紫茎泽兰具有较好的治理重金属污染土壤的潜力。

Washing removal of Pb and Cd from soil using four plant water extracts

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of removing heavy metals from soil using washing agents extracted from plant materials. Four types of plant materials (i.e., Buddleja asiatica, Artemisia capillaries, Nicandra physaloides, and Eupatorium adenophora) were employed as washing agents to remove Cd and Pb from the contaminated soils of two different mines. We investigated the influences of various conditions, including washing agent concentration, pH, and washing time. The metal removal efficiencies of the four washing agents increased with their concentrations and declined with increasing pH; moreover, their efficiencies continuously increased, changed slightly, or initially increased and then decreased with increasing washing time. The use of B. asiatica resulted in the highest removal of Cd (72.45%) and Pb (13.27%) from soil A, and of Pb (17.27%) from soil B; additionally, the use of E. adenophora resulted in the highest removal of Cd (59.81%) from soil B. Therefore, B. asiatica and E. adenophora can be considered feasible washing agents for the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals.