两株侧耳属真菌对小麦秸秆化学组分及瘤胃消化率的影响

小麦秸秆木质素含量高,蛋白质等营养物质含量低,作为反刍家畜的粗饲料营养价值低,饲料化利用受到限制.通过室内小麦秸秆固态发酵试验,研究了两株侧耳属真菌Tf1(Pleurotus sajor-caju)和JG1(Pleurotus Cornucopiae Roll)对小麦秸秆细胞壁化学组分的降解、瘤胃消化率和粗蛋白含量的影响.结果表明,经菌株JG1、Tf1和两菌复合发酵21 d的小麦秸秆,木质素降解率分别为28.20%、30.78%和38.41%,纤维素降解率分别为19.26%、19.28%和26.65%;48 h干物质瘤胃消化率分别比未发酵秸秆提高了38.62%、44.81%和55.89%,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消化率分别提高了38.91%、49.00%和63.08%;粗蛋白含量分别比未发酵秸秆提高了58.60%、69.53%和72.22%.表明菌株JG1和Tf1在选择性降解木质素,改善瘤胃消化率,提高粗蛋白含量方面的优势,而且两菌株复合发酵具有协同作用,与单菌发酵相比.木质素降解率、瘤胃消化率和粗蛋白含量都明显提高.

Effects of Two Species of Pleurotus on Chemical Composition and Rumen Digestibility of Wheat Straw

Wheat straw is characterized by its contents of high lignin and low crude proteins, suggesting that the straw limit its utilization as animal feedstuff. The present study was conducted to investigate effects of two fungal strains, JG1( Pleurotus Cornucopias Roll) and Tf1(Pleu-rotus sajor-caju), on cell wall constituent, rumen digestibility and crude protein contents of the wheat straw after the substrate had been treated by solid state fermentation. The fermentation of the straw was carried out for 21 days in the presence of either JG1, Tf1 solely, or com-bination of Tf1+JG1. It has been discovered that the degradation rates of lignin increased by 28.20%, 30.78% and 38.41%, respectively, while the degradation rates of cellulose enhanced by 19.26%, 19.28% and 26.65%, respectively, for the 3 treatments, as compared with the controls. In addition, the 48 h rumen dry matter digestibilities were found to be 38.62%, 44.81% and 55.89% greater than the controls; the rumen neutral detergent fiber digestibilities were discovered to be 38.91%, 49.00% and 63.08% higher than the controls, while the crude pro-tein contents were 58.60%, 69.53% and 72.22% more than the controls, respectively, for the three corresponding treatments. The results mentioned above showed that both species of Pleurotus, JG1, and Tf1 are capable of degradating selectively lignin, improving rumen di-gestibility and increasing crude protein contents in the wheat straw studied. Due to the fact that treatment 3 with a mixture of two species of Pleurotus was obviously characterized by its stronger degradation rates of lignin, higher rumen digestibility and contents of crude proteins than other two treatments, it was likely concluded that there was a synergistic effect on lignin degradation, rumen digestibility and crude protein for the treatment with a combination of JG1+Tf1.