兽用抗生素研究的文献计量学分析

为深入了解兽用抗生素研究的整体状况和前沿动态,以Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-E)的在线数据库为基础,对1995—2016年间全球范围内有关兽用抗生素的文献报道(21 394篇)开展了计量学分析,对研究内容和发展趋势进行了系统的评价。结果表明,近20年来有关兽用抗生素的研究报道增加极快,自1995年的387篇上升到2016年的1601篇,研究内容涉及兽用抗生素的污染残留、环境行为、安全评价、替代研究及毒性效应等方面。特别地,由抗生素引起的细菌耐药性问题日益严重,抗性基因也因此成为近年来的研究热点。综合分析作者关键词(Author keywords)、附加关键词(Keywords Plus)、题目(Title)及摘要(Abstract),四环素类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类是当前热点研究的抗生素类别,也依然是未来持续关注的对象。此外,耐药菌所导致的流行病传播、抗生素在环境中的残留及其检测方法、抗性基因等是畜禽养殖业中抗生素研究的热门主题,兽用抗生素相关的热门研究基质包括食物、饲料、粪便、肉类、奶、土壤等。综合文献计量分析的结果,兽用抗生素仍然是农业环境领域研究的热点,环境介质中四环素类、喹诺酮类等抗生素及其相应的耐药菌污染问题将仍然是研究的主要方向。

A bibliometric assessment of research into antibiotics in poultry and livestock breeding

To obtain an understanding of the worldwide status of research into antibiotics in the poultry and livestock breeding industries, relevant scientific output based on the online version of Science Citation Index Expanded to 2016 was evaluated in this paper(21 394 papers in total). The characteristics of the research patterns, tendencies, and hot topics in the papers were also assessed. The results revealed that the number of reports related to veterinary antibiotics had increased dramatically over the last twenty years, rising from 387 in 1995 to 1601 in 2016. Research topics included residues, fates, safety assessments, and aspects of virulence. Particular attention was paid to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. After synthetic analysis of author keywords, keywords plus, titles, and abstracts, it was concluded that tetracyclines, quinolones, and sulfonamides were currently the predominant focus of antibiotic pollutants in the breeding industry, and would continue to be so for at least the next decade. Furthermore, isolation, prevalence, high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), virulence, residues, and growth performance were currently the key research topics. The studied media for the veterinary antibiotics included food, feed, manure, meat, milk, and soil. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the bibliometric results, veterinary antibiotics still constitute a popular research topic in agriculture, and antibiotics such as tetracyclines and quinolones, as well as the related antibiotic-resistant bacteria, will remain the main focus of research.