基于秸秆露天焚烧量的北方农村地区秸秆成型燃料替代采暖散煤节能减排研究

基于农村采暖散煤消耗量及秸秆露天焚烧比例的实地调研结果,从资源数量的角度验证了将露天焚烧的秸秆加工为秸秆成型燃料并用于替代北方农村地区采暖散煤使用的可行性,同时定量计算了替代后产生的能源环境影响,给出了散煤消耗的减少量和污染物减排量清单。结果表明,北方大部分省份能够通过将露天焚烧的秸秆加工为成型燃料来实现对农村采暖散煤的替代。替代后北方各省总计能够减少散煤使用量8 603.6万t,分别减少SO_2、NO_x、CO、PM_(2.5)、CO_2排放量32.3万、27.47万、613.76万、63.30万、25 195.29万t,其中黑龙江、河南、新疆、山东、河北、辽宁节能减排效果最显著。研究显示,秸秆成型燃料替代农村地区采暖散煤的能源环境影响显著,对我国能源短缺、农村废物处理、大气环境污染等问题能起到很好的改善作用,建议加强成型燃料在农村地区的应用和研究。

Study on the energy and environmental impacts of substituting molded straw fuels for heating coal in rural areas of northern China based on the amount of straw open burning

Based on the results of a field survey on scattered coal consumption for rural heating and the proportion of straw burned in open fields, this study assesses the feasibility of using densified solid fuels (DSFs) produced from field straw as an alternative for space heating purposes in rural areas of northern China. A quantitative analysis from the perspective of resource use was performed to evaluate the energy and environmental impacts of this alternative on reducing coal consumption as well as the emission of air pollutants. The results show that a majority of provinces in northern China may be able to realize a reduction in coal consumption and emissions by replacing coal with DSF produced from field straw for rural heating. Overall, this could yield a total reduction in coal consumption of 8.60×107 t. In addition, a total emissions reduction of 3.23×10⁵, 2.75×10⁵, 6.14×10⁶, 6.33×10⁵, 2.52×10⁸ t may be accomplished for SO₂, NO_x, CO, PM_2.5, and CO₂, respectively. In particular, provinces such as Heilongjiang, Henan, Xinjiang, Shandong, Hebei, and Liaoning could achieve the most significant energy savings and emissions reductions. The potential energy and environmental impacts of coal-to-DSF substitution are demonstrated to be substantial. The application of DSF will help to address energy shortages, rural waste disposal, and air pollution. It is recommended that further research into the application of DSF in rural areas of northern China is needed.