农田土壤重金属污染评价研究进展

为科学合理地评价土壤中重金属污染问题,并为土壤污染修复和土地资源可持续利用提供依据,利用文献计量学方法,结合Cite Space软件分析了近25年来国内外土壤重金属污染评价相关领域的研究热点和发展方向的演进,发现人体健康及生态风险评价、重金属在土壤中形态分析及污染源解析等问题受到较为广泛的关注。综合分析了内梅罗综合污染指数法、富集因子法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法等四种常用的指数评价法在实际评价中的优势与不足,并发现现有的污染指数评价方法侧重土壤重金属超标问题,对农产品质量涉及较少,而土壤和农产品综合质量指数法克服了现有评价方法存在的问题,将土壤重金属污染与农产品品质有机结合,同时考虑到土壤背景值、重金属形态等,可更为全面地评价土壤重金属污染。

Advances in soil heavy metal pollution evaluation based on bibliometrics analysis

The evaluation of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils is one of the important issues in the area of agricultural production and food safety. A scientific and rational assessment for heavy metal pollution in soils reflects the condition of soil environmental quality, and provides the basis for soil remediation and sustainable utilization of land resources. In the past 25 years, a variety of evaluation methods have been proposed, in the present study, the development of research hotspots and fields in the area of soil heavy metal evaluation were elucidated based on the bibliometrics analysis and CiteSpace software. The results suggested that the human health and ecological risk assessment have been received much attention, and the source identification, the distribution and speciation of soil heavy metals have been widely concerned. Both of the advantages and disadvantages of four commonly applied pollution index evaluations such as Nemerow index, enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index were discussed. These index evaluation only focuses on the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, but the quality of agricultural products are less concerned. The comprehensive index combined soil environmental quality and agricultural products quality overcome their disadvantages, which incorporating simultaneously the contents of heavy metals in soil and agricultural products, the soil element background values, the safety standard for maximum levels of contaminants in agricultural products, and the element valence effect in the evaluation of the soil environmental quality standard.