东北三省畜禽养殖时空分布特征及粪便养分环境影响研究

东北三省是我国重要的粮食生产和工业基地。近年来,随着经济的发展和产业结构的调整,畜禽养殖业发展迅速,同时畜禽粪便的产生量也将快速增加。畜禽粪便作为农田肥料有其不可替代的优势,但是如果超过耕地的承载量将会对环境造成潜在的影响和压力。本文主要通过对东北三省畜禽养殖数量、养殖结构及空间布局的时空分析,采用养分平衡法研究和评价该地区畜禽粪便中氮、磷养分对环境的影响和污染风险。研究结果表明,东北三省吉林中部一直延伸到辽宁东南部地区畜禽养殖密集,耕地养分的大量盈余可能对环境构成污染威胁。黑龙江省畜禽养殖对环境的影响小,还有一定的发展空间。

The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Features of Animal Production in Three Northeast Provinces and the Impacts of Manure Nutrients on the Local Environment

As an important industrial and grain production base of China, livestock and poultry industry has been rapidly developed in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in recent years, which results in the huge amounts of the animal manure produced. To ensure the sustainable livestock production and environmental safety, animal densities should not exceed the loading capacity of the local farmland. Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of animal production, as well as the characters of production structure and density in three northeast provinces, the potential environmental impacts and risks of manure N and P were estimated in this study. It showed the typically high concentrated animal production through central Jilin province to the southeast region of Liaoning province. The large amounts of nutrient surplus in these areas might be a serious threat to the local environment. Since an acceptable supplying level of animal manure nutrients now, the further development of animal production was feasible in Heilongjiang province.