华北平原冬小麦生命周期环境影响评价

以华北平原高产粮区——山东省桓台县的冬小麦生产体系为例，应用生命周期评价方法，对冬小麦两种不同管理措施进行生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放清单分析，在此基础上进行了生命周期环境影响评价。结果表明，桓台县冬小麦常规管理措施下环境影响较大的是能源耗竭、环境酸化、全球变暖和水体富营养化，生命周期环境影响指数分别为0．139、0．126、0．093和0．060。采用推荐管理措施可使冬小麦生命周期环境影响综合指数由常规管理措施的0．063降低到0．032。能源耗竭和全球变暖影响主要来源于高耗能的农用化学品生产。环境酸化潜力主要来自过量施氮导致的NH，挥发和农用化学品生产中排放的SO2，水体富营养化潜力主要来自冬小麦生长季施氮引起的NH3挥发。实施化肥的节能与清洁生产并减少氮肥使用量，是控制华北平原冬小麦生命周期环境影响的关键。

Life Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment of Winter Wheat in North China Plain

Life cycle assessment methodology is used to establish inventory of resource use and emission and to assess life cycle environmental impacts of winter wheat with two different management practices in Huantai county,a high-yielding grain production region in North China Plain.The result shows that the significant environmental impacts are energy depletion,acidification,global warming and aquatic eutrophication,with the impact indices of 0.139,0.126,0.093 and 0.060,respectively.The energy depletion and global warming potentials are mainly from the energy-intensive production of fertilizers,the acidification potential mainly results from NH3 volatilization in nitrogen fertilization and SO2 emission at the stage of agricultural chemicals production,and the aquatic eutrophication potential mainly from NH3 volatilization.The aggregate life cycle environmental impact index of winter wheat with RMP is 0.032 in comparison with 0.063 for CMP.Therefore,reducing nitrogenous fertilizer consumption and developing energy-saving & clean production of fertilizers are the key points to control the life cycle environmental impacts of winter wheat in North China Plain.