木薯渣堆肥的生物酶活性与有机组分降解的关系

木薯渣堆肥过程中,起始物料采用接种微生物菌剂与人工翻堆相结合的模式进行堆肥,经过多种生物和生物化学过程而被转化。通过两个实验处理测定了堆肥过程各阶段温度,纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶的活性和淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、NH+4-N、NO-3-N的含量,并进行了相关性分析。结果表明,接种菌剂可使堆体快速升温,且提高堆肥过程中的最高温度,延长了高温期的持续时间,达到堆肥无害化处理的目的;纤维素酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的最高值出现在堆肥的高温期。生物酶活性与堆肥有机组分的含量呈显著负相关,说明生物酶活性可以表征木薯渣堆肥中有机组分降解的状况,指示木薯渣堆肥的发酵腐熟进程。

Relationship between bioenzyme activities and degradation of organic substances during cassava dregs composting process

With additional microbial inoculants and manual turning in the cassava dregs composting, the starting material will be well transformed through a variety of biological and biochemical processes.In this study, the temperature of different phases of composting was measured, as well as the activities of cellulase, protease, and amylase; further, the concentration of starch, cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, nitrate nitrogen(NO₃^--N),ammonia nitrogen(NH₄⁺-N) were also analyzed. Then the correlation of all the traits investigated above was analyzed.The results showed that, in comparison to the control, the compost with additional microbial inoculants had a sharper increasing of the temperature, and maintained a longer time of a higher maximum temperature phase during composting,resulting the harmless composting production. The activities of cellulase, protease, and amylase appeared coincidently with the highest temperature period. There were a significantly negative correlation between organic substances content and bioenzyme activities, indicating that the degradation of organic substances could be characterized by bioenzymes. Thus, the activity of biological enzyme could be used as index for cassava dregs decomposition process.