华南地区县域耕地质量和产能评价研究——以广东吴川为例

科学、准确地进行耕地质量和产能评价是合理利用与切实保护耕地的必要前提和重要依据。基于《耕地质量调查监测评价规范（试用稿）》中推荐指标,采用特尔斐法确定评价指标和权重,运用加权求和法与修正法进行了广东省吴川市的耕地质量和产能评价。结果表明：吴川市耕地质量等别为中等和低等,产能等别为4~10等;耕地质量等别与农用地分等结果中的国家自然等、耕地产能等别与国家利用等在空间分布上均呈一致趋势,等别指数均呈极显著正相关（r=0.506和r=0.320,P<0.001,n=13 094）;以蚯蚓数量为依据的生物特性系数修正是导致耕地质量等别整体低于国家自然等的主要原因。经验证,相对于农用地质量分等体系,本研究构建的耕地质量和产能评价体系能够较明显地体现高标准基本农田建设在耕地质量和产能方面的功效,研究成果可为土地整治、耕地占补平衡和基本农田保护等土地管理工作提供科学依据。

Evaluation of county level cultivated land quality and productivity in south China: A case study of Wuchuan City, Guangdong Province

It is the necessary prerequisite and important basis for rational utilization and practical protection of cultivated land to evaluate the quality and productivity of cultivated land scientifically and reasonably. Based on the indicators recommended in the "Specification of arable land survey, monitoring and evaluation (trial draft)", the Delphi method was used to determine the evaluation index and weight, the weighted summation method and the correction method were used to evaluate the quality and productivity of cultivated land in Wuchuan City, Guangdong Province. The results indicated that the cultivated land quality grade of Wuchuan City was medium and low, and the cultivated land productivity grade was between 4 and 10; The spatial distribution of the cultivated land quality grade tended to be consistent with those of the national natural quality grade, while the same tendency was between the cultivated land productivity grade and national utilization grade, and their grade indexes also showed a highly significant positive correlation (at r=0.506 and r=0.320, P<0.001, n=13 094). The revision of the biological characteristic coefficient based on the number of earthworm was the main reason which caused the cultivated land quality grade to be lower than the national natural quality grade as a whole. Through the analysis of verification, compared with the system for gradation on agricultural land quality,the evaluation system constructed in this study for cultivated land quality and productivity could clearly reflect the effectiveness of high standard basic farmland construction activities on the quality and productivity of cultivated land, the research results could provide a scientific basis for land management activities such as land remediation, cultivated land occupation and compensation, and basic farmland protection.