海南省琼海市农村生活垃圾产生特征及就地处理实践

以海南省琼海市某村为研究对象,通过运行新建的农村生活垃圾收集处理示范丁程,结合入户调查村民的社会经济状况.研究了海南省农村生活垃圾产生特征,并探讨农村生活垃圾就地处理的可行性.结果发现,以实际居住人口计的农村生活垃圾产生率约为0.227 kg·capita~(-1)·d~(-1);其物理组分以易腐垃圾为主,占总量的40.4%±6.3%;惰性垃圾占总量的30.8%±6.2%;有毒有害生活垃圾量极少,占总量的0.1%.示范运行结果表明,以混合收集,人工分拣,可堆肥垃圾就地堆肥、惰性垃圾集中处置为特征的农村生活垃圾就地处理技术,减量率达到50%左右,无害化率达到100%,堆肥产品质量符合现行标准要求,具有技术可行性.示范工程的运行成本为304.5元·t~(-1),其中,收集239元·t~(-1),分拣和堆肥65.5元·t~(-1).按户籍人口计,年人均18.7元,仅为村民年纯收入的0.4%;示范工程运行得到村民的支持与欢迎,村民对垃圾收集处理付费支付意愿高达95%,表明实行村民付费解决长期运行费用具有可行性.

Characteristics of Rural Household Solid Wastes and in Situ Treatment: A Case Study in Qionghai City of Hainan Province

The characteristics and management pattern of rural household solid waste(RHSW) in a village of Qionghai City in Hainan Province were investigated by operating a newly established collection and disposal system, and at the same time the socio-economic situation of villagers in the village was surveyed. Results showed that: The average output of RHSW was about 0.227 kg·capita~(-1)·d~(-1) (calculated by resident population); The biodegradable organic fraction dominated in the RHSW components with a share of 40.4%±6.3%, followed by the inert fractions which comprised 30.8%±6.2%, while the harmful fractions only accounted for less than 0.1%; The demonstration project used a technology characterized by combination of collecting, sorting and composting in situ. After treated by the technology, the RHSW weight was reduced by 50%, with the compost production meeting with current compost quality standards, which proven the technology was feasible. The total operating costs for the demonstration project was 304.5 yuan·t~(-1), while the collection costs was 239 yuan·t~(-1), and the sorting-composting costs was 65.5 yuan·t~(-1). The per capita annual cost for the demonstration project operation was 18.7 yuan (calculated by household registration population), only accounted for 0.4% of the per capita annual net income. This project had been supported by the villagers with willingness of paying for the costs which was up to 95%, which indicated the management pattern was economically feasible.