基于Moran's I的菜地土壤属性空间分布格局分析

为探讨时空尺度下露天菜地及设施菜地种植模式对土壤属性空间分布格局的影响，采用Moran''s I空间分析方法，对安徽省肥东县2017年采集的375个表层土样数据、2016年的露天菜地数据及2019年的设施菜地数据之间的空间自相关性进行研究。结果表明：研究区内露天菜地种植时间越短，土壤全氮、速效钾的平均值越高，设施菜地种植时间越短，有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、pH 5种土壤属性平均值越高。除速效钾外，露天蔬菜的土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、pH指标值均低于设施菜地。距离城镇越近，土壤有机质、全氮含量和pH越高。两种菜地分布密度与有机质、全氮空间分布呈高高空间正相关，与有效磷和速效钾呈低高空间负相关，与pH在土壤中呈高低空间负相关。研究结果表明，两种菜地土壤属性指标值因受到种植时间与城镇距离因素的影响而差异明显。因经济利益驱动，设施菜地种植时间较短但土壤养分累积较快。菜地分布密度对土壤属性空间分布格局影响明显，菜地种植与土壤酸化、养分累积具有一定的相关性。通过Moran''s I空间分析，可实现对蔬菜生产区域的管理，为进一步分析土壤属性扩散演化机制提供参考。

Analysis of spatial distribution pattern of vegetable soil properties based on Moran's I

To explore the influence of open vegetable field and greenhouse vegetable field planting patterns on the spatial distribution pattern of soil properties at spatial and temporal scales, Moran''s I spatial analysis method was used to study the spatial autocorrelation between 375 topsoil samples collected in 2017 in Feidong County from Anhui Province, open vegetable fields data from 2016, and greenhouse vegetable fields data in 2019. The results showed that the shorter the planting time of the open vegetable fields, the higher the average value of total nitrogen and available potassium. The shorter the planting time of greenhouse vegetable fields, the higher the value of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH. These index values of soil properties included the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and pH of open vegetable fields in the study area and were lower than that of greenhouse vegetable fields, except for available potassium. The closer the distance to the town, the higher the soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, and pH; this showed a downward trend as the distance increased. The spatial density of the two vegetable fields was positively correlated with the spatial distribution of organic matter and total nitrogen, negatively correlated with the spatial distribution of available phosphorus and available potassium, and negatively correlated with the spatial distribution of pH in the soil. Based on these results, the soil property index values of the two vegetable fields can be identified as significantly different due to the influence of planting time and distance from the town. Driven by economic interests, the planting time of greenhouse vegetable fields is shorter but the soil nutrients accumulate faster. The distribution density of vegetable fields influences the spatial distribution pattern of soil properties. The planting of vegetable fields has a certain correlation with soil acidification and nutrient accumulation. Through Moran''s I spatial analysis, the regionalized management of the vegetable production area can be realized, providing a basis for further analysis of the diffusion evolution mechanism of soil properties.