减氮配施硝化抑制剂对大白菜农学和环境效应评价

为优化我国蔬菜系统氮肥管理，实现蔬菜绿色生产，以西南地区露地大白菜为研究对象，采用田间试验和生命周期评价相结合的方法，对不施氮肥（CK）、农户习惯（FP）和减氮配施硝化抑制剂（DMP衍生物）处理（硫基复合肥与硝酸铵钙OPT1和硫基复合肥与尿素OPT2）4种不同氮肥管理策略下的大白菜产量、氮肥利用率、经济效益和生态系统净经济效益以及氮足迹和碳足迹等进行综合评价。结果表明：与FP相比，OPT1和OPT2处理分别显著提高大白菜平均总产量（6.7%和4.2%）、商品产量（16.4%和9.0%）和氮肥利用率（9.6%和11.2%），同时，显著减少平均单位面积上的活性氮损失75.0%和温室气体排放68.0%，故分别显著降低76.4%和76.1%的氮足迹以及69.9%和69.4%的碳足迹。综合而言，OPT1和OPT2处理较FP处理分别提高106.0%和97.9%的生态经济净效益（NEEB），显著降低了单位NEEB温室气体排放（GHG_-NEEB）和单位NEEB活性氮损失（Nr_-NEEB）。研究表明，氮肥减量配施硝化抑制剂在减少氮肥用量和增加蔬菜产量的同时，降低了蔬菜系统环境代价并提高了生态系统经济效益，是实现蔬菜绿色生产的有效措施之一。

Comprehensive assessment of the agronomic and environmental effects of N application rate reduction combined with nitrification inhibitor on Chinese cabbage

In order to optimize N management and achieve green vegetable production. This study conducted a two-year field experiment with life cycle assessment(LCA)method to evaluate the comprehensive effects of different N managements on total yield, N use efficiency, economic benefit, net ecosystem economic benefit(NEEB), and N and C footprint of open-field Chinese cabbage production in southwest China. The N management treatments included the control(without N fertilizer, CK), conventional fertilization(FP), and N reduction with nitrification inhibitors(OPT1 and OPT2). The results showed that compared with FP, the total yield and commercial yield in OPT1 and OPT2 treatments were higher by 6.7% and 4.2%, and 16.4% and 9.0%, respectively; the N use efficiency of OPT1 and OPT2 treatment was also higher by 9.6% and 11.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, OPT1 and OPT2 reduced the reactive N(Nr)loss by 75.0% and greenhouse gas (GHG)emission by 68.0%, respectively. Therefore, the N and C footprints of OPT1 and OPT2 were lower by 76.4% and 76.1%, and 69.9% and 69.4%, respectively. In addition, relative to FP treatment, OPT1 and OPT2 significantly increased the net ecosystem economic benefit(NEEB)by 106.0% and 97.9%, respectively, and decreased significantly the GHG_-NEEB and Nr_-NEEB. In conclusion, N fertilizer reduction combined with nitrification inhibitor management increased the vegetable yield, reduced the N fertilizer rate and environmental cost, and improved the NEEB; it was an effective measure to realize green vegetable production.