生物基包膜抑制型尿素对土壤温室气体排放及小青菜产量的影响

为研究生物基包膜氮肥对土壤温室气体排放及小青菜(Brassica chinensis)产量的影响,采用密闭式静态箱-气相色谱法测定盆栽试验条件下施用不同类型包膜尿素对土壤温室气体的排放特征,探究不同类型包膜尿素对土壤温室气体排放综合增温潜势(GWP)、排放强度(GHGI)及小青菜产量的影响。结果表明:抑制型尿素(I)、生物基包膜尿素(CRU)、生物基包膜抑制型尿素(CIRU)能够显著降低N_2O、CO_2、CH_4 3种温室气体的累积排放量。与普通尿素(U)相比,处理I、CRU和CIRU的N2O累积排放量显著降低了20.79%～79.52%,CO_2的累积排放量显著降低了46.53%～62.24%,CH4的累积排放量显著降低了25.38%～30.11%。与处理U相比,处理I、CRU和CIRU的GWP分别显著降低了40.44%、60.66%和65.02%;温室气体GHGI与GWP呈现出同样的趋势,处理I、CRU和CIRU分别显著降低了26.32%、70.53%和78.95%。与其他处理相比,处理CIRU具有最优的温室气体减排效果。处理CIRU的小青菜产量最高,为1 960.00 kg·hm~(-2),较处理U显著增产68.00%。研究表明,生物基包膜抑制型尿素在提高小青菜产量的同时还可以减少菜地温室气体排放及氮素气态损失。

Effects of coated urea inhibitor encapsulated by bio-based film on soil greenhouse gas emission and Brassica chinensis yield

To explore the effects of a coated urea inhibitor encapsulated in a bio-based film on greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, the cumulative emissions, global warming potential(GWP), and emission intensity(GHGI) were determined through static box-gas chromatography in a pot experiment, and the yield of Brassica chinensis was simultaneously measured. Our results indicated that cumulative emissions of GHGs(N₂O, CO₂, and CH₄) from the treatments using coated urea inhibitor(I), a bio-based coated urea(CRU), and a urea inhibitor encapsulated by a bio-based film(CIRU) were significantly reduced. Compared with that of conventional urea(U), the cumulative N₂O emissions of treatment I, CRU, and CIRU were significantly reduced by 20.79%~79.52%, CO₂ emissions by 46.53%~62.24%, and CH₄ emissions by 25.38%~30.11%. The GWP under treatments I, CRU, and CIRU were significantly lower than that under U by 40.44%, 60.66%, and 65.02%, respectively. The trend of GHGI was the same as that of GWP. The GHGI under treatments I, CRU, and CIRU were significantly lower than that under U by 26.32%, 70.53%, and 78.95%, respectively. CIRU had a greater effect on GHG emission reduction than the other treatments. In terms of B. chinensis yield, CIRU resulted in the highest yield(1 960.00 kg·hm^-2). The CIRU was 68.00%, which was significantly higher than that under the U treatment. Thus, coated inhibitor urea encapsulated by bio-based film could reduce the emission of GHGs and partial loss of nitrogen, protect the environment, and increase production. This provides a new method for the development of agriculture in China.