我国水产养殖对环境的影响及其可持续发展

近年来,我国水产养殖业有了突飞猛进的发展,但同时也对水环境造成了一定的影响。通过分别论述池塘、湖库、海水等不同养殖系统对自身养殖水体及周围水域的影响,探讨了环境友好的工厂化养殖和生态养殖模式的现状及发展前景,提出我国水产养殖业的可持续发展方向:结合生态养殖和封闭式循环水工厂化养殖模式,应用危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)管理系统,发展有机健康养殖模式。在此基础上,对我国水产养殖业可持续发展所需的理论研究及法律法规支持进行了归纳。

Environmental Impacts and Sustainable Development of Aquaculture in China

The rapid development of aquaculture in recent decades has been aroused increasing concerns on its environmental impacts in China.Severe pollution and damage of aquatic ecosystem from various aquaculture systems(ponds,lakes,reservoirs and marine) was discussed.In succession,the status and the prospects of industrial and ecological aquaculture,two types of environmentally friendly aquaculture,was reviewed,respectively.Penultimately,the specific sustainable aquaculture was recommended to develop organic healthy aquaculture,which will integrate closed circulating system and ecological aquaculture principle,and apply hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP) system to supervise the whole process of production in the present paper.Finally,it was concluded that some further research works more are still needed for sustainable aquaculture in China.